PSYCHIA CHAPTER 15

• Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders - OCD
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

  • an anxiety disorder

  • characterized by repetitive thought/behaviors

  • organized in an obsessive-compulsive spectrum
• Types: OF OCD

  •self-soothing behaviors (e.g. trichotillomania, dermatillomania) • reward-seeking behaviors (e.g. hoarding, kleptomania)

  • disorders of body appearance or functions (body dysmorphic disorder)
• Trichotillomania (pronounced: trik-eh-til-eh-MAY-nee-uh) is a strong habit that causes people to pull out their own hair.
• Kleptomania (klep-toe-MAY-nee-uh) is a mental health disorder that involves repeatedly being unable to resist urges to steal items that you generally don't really need
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

  • Key terms

  • obsessions – recurrent, persistent, intrusive thoughts

  • compulsions – ritualistic or repetitive behaviors to neutralize anxiety
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

  • common compulsions

  • checking rituals

  • counting rituals

  • washing and scrubbing hands

  • praying or chanting

  • touching, rubbing or tapping

  • ordering (rearranging desk, furniture, etc.)

  • aggressive urges
• OCD:

  Onset

  • starts at childhood in males

  • commonly in 20s for females

  • equal distribution for both sexes

  • early onset more likely to affect males and more severe symptoms and more comorbid diagnoses with a likelihood of family history of OCD
• OCD: Related disorders

  • According to DSM-V diagnoses, these are included in the diagnostic classification of APA.

  • excoriation disorder (dematillomania)

  • trichotillomania (repetitive hair-pulling)

  • body dysmorphic disorder

  • onychophagia (chronic nail-biting)

  • kleptomania (compulsive stealing)

  • oniomania (compulsive buying)

  • Body identity integrity disorder (BIID
• OCD: Etiology

  Cognitive approach to emotional disorders (Aaron Beck)

  • believing one’s thought are overly important

  • perfectionism and intolerance to uncertainty

  • inflated personal responsibility

  • focuses on childhood and environmental experiences of growing

  • hereditary
• OCD: treatment

  • Medication therapy SSRI antidepressants

  ▪ Sertraline – 6 yrs old and older

  ▪ Fluoxetine - 7 yrs old and older

  ▪ Fluvoxamine - 8 yrs. Old and older

  ▪ Anafranil - 10yrs old and older

  ▪ Paxil - Adults only Antipsychotic (Abilify, Risperidone, Seroquel, Zyprex
• OCD: treatment

  • Behavioral therapy

  • Exposure and Response prevention

  exposure - confronting the situation and stimuli that client avoids

  response prevention – avoiding or delaying performance of rituals

  •Deep breathing and relaxation techniques
• OCD clients cannot change their behavior and thinking one their own. Assistance is necessary
• OCD clients will have stressful periods that will increase symptoms. Further support is important
• It is not beneficial to tell the client that his or her thoughts and rituals interfere with life or that the ritual actions really have no lasting effect on anxiety—client is well-aware about it