MUSCULO-SKELETAL

• THREE TYPES OF BONE CELLS:


  OSTEOBLAST, OSTEOCLAST, OSTEOCYTE
• OSTEOBLAST


  IT IS THE BONE FORMATION
• OSTEOCLAST


  IT IS THE BONE RESORPTION
• OSTEOCYTE


  IT IS THE MATURE BONE CELLS
• THE PROCESS OF OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST

  IF THE BONE BBROKE (OSTEOCLAST), THE BONE WILL FIX IT AND IT IT CALLED OSTEOBLAST
• OSTEOCLAST


  RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING THE BONE POROUS
• OSTEOPOROSIS


  THE INCREASE ACTIVITY OF OSTEOCLAST
• OSTEOPOROSIS


  WHAT DO YOU CALL IF THE BONE IS TOO POROUS
• PAGET'S DISEASE


  IT IS AN INCREASE ACTIVITY OF OSTEOCLAST AND THE OSTEOBLAST WILL COMPENSATE IN FORMING THE BONE HENCE, THE BONE WILL HAVE AN ABNORMAL SHAPE (EXAMPLE, LONG BONE SHAPE)
• PARTS OF THE BONE

  PERIOSTEUM, ENDOSTEUM, BONE MARROW, CARTILAGE
• PERIOSTEUM


  MEMBRANE COVERING THE OUTSIDE OF THE BONE
• ENDOSTEUM


  MEMBRANE COVERING THE INSIDE OF THE BONE
• BONE MARROW


  VASCULAR TISSUE (WITH VESSELS) LOCATED IN THE MEDULLARY CAVITY OF THE BONES
• BONE MARROW


  STRUCTURE AT THE MIDDLE OF THE BONE
• BONE MARROW


  RESPONSIBLE FOR RBC PRODUCTION
• HEMATOPOIESIS


  THE PROCESS OF RBC PRODUCTION OF THE BONE MARROW
• FATS


  DURING THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE, THE BONE MARROW BECOMES WHAT
• YELLOW MARROW


  MATURE BONE MARROW WHICH IS THE FAT
• BEST SITE FOR BONE MARROW BIOPSY

  S-I-P-A

  STERNUM

  ILIAC CREST

  PROXIMAL TIBIA

  ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ILIAC CREST
• PROXIMAL TIBIA


  BEST SITE FOR BONE MARROW BIOPSY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENT
• ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ILIAC CREST

  PREFERRED SITE FOR BONE MARROW BIOPSY
• FAT CAN ESCAPED IN BONE FOR OLDER PATIENTS WHEN FRACTURED
• CARTILAGE


  PADDING AT THE END OF THE BONE
• CARTILAGE


  TOUGH, ELASTIC, AVASCULAR (NO VESSELS) THAT COVERS THE END OF THE LONG BONE EXAMPLE HUMERUS AND FEMUR
• OSTEOGENESIS


  THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF BONE
• OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA


  THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF BONE IS NOT PERFECT - THERES A PROBLEM WITH THE COLLAGEN EITHER TOO LOW IN COLLAGEN OR TOO POOR IN QUALITY
• REPEATED BONE FRACTURE

  OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
• JOINTS


  THE JUNCTION OF BONE
• LIGAMENTS


  CONNECT BONE TO BONE
• SPRAIN 


  OVER OR EXCESSIVE STRETCHING OF LIGAMENTS
• STRAINT

  TEARED LIGAMENTS
• TENDON


  CONNECT MUSCLE TO BONE
• MANAGEMENT OF SPRAIN AND STRAIN 


  R-I-C-E

  REST FOR 48 HOURS

  ICE FOR 20 MINUTES FOR 4-8X A DAY

  COMPRESS (TO DEMINISHED SWELLING)

  ELEVATE
• ANALGESIC

  IF THERE'S PAIN IN SPRAIN AND STRAINT, GIVE WHAT
• FLACCID MUSCLE TONE

  WITHOUT TONE (MALAMBOT)
• SPASTIC MUSCLE TONE


  WITH TONE (MATIGAS)
• SPASTIC MUSCLE TONE


  GREATER THAN THE NORMAL TONE
• HYPERTROPHY


  INCREASE SIZE IN THE MUSCLE BECAUSE OF USE
• ATROPHY


  DECREASE SIZE IN THE MUSCLE BECAUSE OF NOT USING
• COMMON MUSCULO-SKELETAL DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE

  THERE ARE 9:

  X-RAY

  MRI

  CT-SCAN

  ARTHROSCOPY

  ARTHROCENTESIS

  BONE DENSITOMETRY

  BONE SCAN

  ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

  BIOPSY