Contemporary World

• John Graunt


  Founder of Demography
• Analyzed the Bills of Mortality– weekly recording of deaths in London


  John Graunt
• Bills of mortality


  were the weekly mortality statistics in London, designed to monitor burials from 1592 to 1595 and then continuously from 1603
• Graunt classified death rates according to the causes of death, among which he included overpopulation: he observed that the urban death rate exceeded the rural.
• He also found that although the male birth rate was higher than the female, it was offset by a greater mortality rate for males, so that the population was divided almost evenly between the sexes.
• Graunt invented the life table, which presented mortality in terms of survivorship. He predicted the percentage of persons that will live to each successive age and their life expectancy year by year.
• The term “demography” was coined by Achille Guillard in 1855
• demography from two greek words: demos (people) and graphy (to write or draw)
• Demo means


  people
• Graphy

  to write or draw
• 2 Kinds of Demography


  [I] FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY (Demography)

  [II] SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY (Population Studies)
• Formal Demography


  concerned with the precise mathematical and statistical measurement and recording of the three population processes: [1] Mortality, [2] Fertility, and [3] Migration using demographic data
• Formal Demography studies what determines population change and the consequences of such change, and is concerned with that which influences or can be influenced by the following


  [1] POPULATION SIZE

  [2] POPULATION STRUCTURE

  [3] POPULATION GROWTH AND DECLINE

  [4] POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

  [5] POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS/COMPOSITION

  [6] POPULATION PROCESSES
• POPULATION SIZE


  The number of people in a given place.
• 2 TYPES OF COUNTING THE POPULATION

  DE FACTO POPULATION and DE JURE POPULATION
• DE FACTO POPULATION


  Physical presence in a given territory at a given moment in time
• DE FACTO POPULATION


  All individuals in a given territory at a time is considered the population of that given territory (you will be counted where you are found at that moment)
• DE JURE POPULATION


  You will be counted to where you are permanently residing
• POPULATION STRUCTURE


  The distribution of males and females in each age.
• POPULATION PYRAMID


  Also called an age-sex-structure/pyramid
• POPULATION PYRAMID


  a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
• POPULATION GROWTH AND DECLINE


  How the number of people in a given place changes over time
• GROWTH RATE


  The rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period.
• POSITIVE GROWTH RATE


  Indicates that the population is increasing
• NEGATIVE GROWTH RATE


  Indicates that the population is decreasing
• ZERO GROWTH RATE


  Indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period.
• A growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates, death rates, immigration rates, and age distribution between the two times.
• FAST GROWTH RATE


  The population is increasing at a rapid rate
• these are young populations with ages 23 and below as the dominant population


  FAST GROWTH RATE
• SLOW GROWTH RATE


  The population is increasing, but in a slow manner
• these are old populations with low birth rate


  SLOW GROWTH RATE
• POPULATION DISTRIBUTION


  The pattern where people are located and why
• SPARSELY POPULATED


  Places that contain few people per square kilometer
• DENSELY POPULATED


  Places that contain many people per square kilometer
• POPULATION DENSITY


  A measurement of the number of people in an area, calculated by dividing the number of people by area.
• Population density is usually shown as the number of people per square kilometer
• FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION DENSITY 


  By Physical Factors and Human Factors
• Physical Factors affecting Population Density

  1. Relief
  2. Resources
  3. Climate
• Human Factors affecting Population Density

  1. Political
  2. Social
  3. Economic
• POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS/COMPOSITION


  Concerned with what people are like in a given place, in terms of variables such as education, income, occupation, family and household relationships, immigrant and refugee status, among others, that add up to who we are as individuals or groups of people.