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• Encomienda is rewarded with land grants and the right to collect tributes from the native population.
• Royal Encomienda were prestigious land grants reserved for the Spanish crown, often encompassing important towns and strategic ports such as Bagumbayan and Lubao.
• ​Private Encomienda is ganted to individual Spaniards who had served the king during the colonization period, allowing them to oversee specific territories like Pandacan and Macabebe.
• Purpose of Encomienda - exploitation and abuse of indigenous peoples.
• Taxation and Land Grabbing leading to widespread impoverishment and disenfranchisement.
• Forced Payments - Natives were often coerced into paying tributes in forms such as gold or goods, with harsh penalties for those unable to meet these demands, further exacerbating their economic hardships.
• ​Neglect of Responsibilities - Contributing to social unrest and dissatisfaction among both natives and religious authorities.
• Tributo - Initially intended as a contribution towards colony expenses
• Diezmos Prediales - A church tax amounting to one real, further adding to the financial burden on indigenous communities.
• Samboangan - Levied for the construction of defenses against Moro raids, highlighting the militarized nature of Spanish rule.
• Vinta - Another defense tax specific to certain regions.
• Bandala - Forced sale of agricultural products dictated by government officials, often leading to exploitation and economic hardships for farmers.
• Replacement - Th​e cedula personal replaced the tributo system in 1884, serving as an identification document for native individuals while also symbolizing a shift in colonial administration and taxation practices.
• Community Tax - Si​milar to the present-day Community Tax Certificate, the cedula personal became mandatory for Filipino citizens aged 18 and above.
• Exploitation of Divisions - Spanish authorities capitalized on pre-existing community divisions and lack of centralized governance to maintain control, emplo​ying divide-and-conquer tactics that hindered native unity and resistance efforts.
• Military Force - The pervasive presence of Spanish military forces, armed with cannons, rifles, and swords, instilled fear among the native population, facilitating conquest but also sparking numerous rebellions against colonial oppression.
• Resistance Heroes - Notable figures like Lapu-Lapu, Diego and Gabriela Silang, and other indigenous leaders emerged as symbols of resistance against Spanish colonialism