battle of actium

• Where did Antony gather his forces before the battle?

  Ephesus in Asia Minor
• How many infantry did Antony mobilize?

  100,000 infantry
• What was the total number of cavalry Antony had?

  12,000 cavalry
• What was the strategic location of Antony's troops during the winter?

  They were based around the port of Actium
• How many ships did Octavian move to Greece?

  260 ships
• What did Agrippa do to Antony's forces in the summer of 31 BC?

  He blockaded their supply lines
• What was the condition of Antony's troops during the blockade?

  They suffered from starvation and disease
• What choice did Antony face due to the blockade?

  Abandon his fleet or fight Octavian at sea
• What did Cleopatra encourage Antony to do?

  To break out of the blockade by fighting
• On what date did the battle take place?

  2nd September 31 BC
• How many ships did Octavian have during the battle?

  Around 250 ships
• How many ships did Cleopatra command in Antony's fleet?

  60 ships
• What was a disadvantage of Antony's fleet compared to Octavian's?

  Antony's fleet was slower and vulnerable
• What formation did Octavian order his ships into?

  Crescent formation
• What did Cleopatra order her ships to do during the battle?

  Charge through the center without engaging
• What was the outcome of the battle for Antony's fleet?

  Most of his fleet was left behind
• What happened to Antony's remaining land troops after the battle?

  They surrendered to Octavian
• Where did Octavian spend the winter after the battle?

  In Greece
• What was the outcome for Antony in Alexandria?

  He was defeated due to low troop numbers
• What did Antony do upon hearing the false rumor about Cleopatra?

  He tried to take his own life
• How did Antony die?

  He died in Cleopatra's arms
• What choice did Cleopatra make after Octavian refused her alliance?

  She chose to take her own life
• What were the key events leading up to the Battle of Actium?

  1. Agrippa blockaded Antony's supply lines.
  2. Antony's troops suffered starvation and disease.
  3. Cleopatra encouraged Antony to break the blockade.
  4. The battle occurred on 2nd September 31 BC.
  5. Octavian's ships formed a crescent formation.
  6. Cleopatra's ships charged through the center.
  7. Antony's fleet was largely left behind.
  8. Antony was defeated in Alexandria in 30 BC.
• What were the strengths and weaknesses of both fleets during the Battle of Actium?

  Strengths:

  • Antony had heavier ships.
  • Octavian had more ships (around 250).

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Antony's fleet was slower and vulnerable.
  • Antony's fleet was undermanned due to desertions.