PD Week 3

• Developmental tasks


  Age-graded sets of knowledge, skills, attitudes or values that must be acquired or achieved before one's movement to a further life stage
• Developmental tasks


  • Help scaffold one's transition to adulthood
  • Needed to be accomplished to become a healthy and well-rounded individuals
• Robert Havighurst


  Developmental theorist who expounded on the concept of developmental tasks
• Based on Havighurst's developmental model, adolescents do not go through each task singly, but instead progress to different developmental tasks simultaneously</b>
• The salience of each developmental task may vary depending on the periods of adolescent transition
• Older adolescents take on an increasing number of responsibilities, which may signal their tendency to assert their independence and individuality
• Teenagers have to make parallel adjustments while their bodies grow and as they become more conscious of their sexual identity
• Identity


  A fundamental organizing principal which develops constantly throughout the lifespan, involving the experiences, relationships, beliefs, values, and memories that make up a person's subjective sense of self
• Identity


  Psychosocial in nature, formed by the intersection of individual biological and psychological capacities in combination with the opportunities and supports offered by one's social context
• Identity achievement


  Positive resolution of the identity crisis, resulting in a stable sense of self, consistent beliefs, and clearer occupational and life roles
• Identity confusion


  Failure to resolve the identity crisis, resulting in the opposite of identity achievement
• Identity crisis reflects a standstill between childhood and adulthood, where adolescents are "too old to be a kid but too young to be an adult"
• Domains of identity


  • Political identity
  • Interest
  • Personality
  • Body image
  • Career or vocational identity
  • Relationship identity
  • Cultural or ethnic identity
  • Sexual orientation
  • Intellectual or achievement identity
• Identity statuses (James Marcia)

  • Identity achievement
  • Identity moratorium
  • Identity foreclosure
  • Identity diffusion
• Identity achievement


  • After experiencing a personal crisis in which she was confused about what course to take, Katara finally decided to take Economics following her graduation in the ABM strand
• Identity moratorium


  • Sokka, an incoming senior high student, is struggling in his decision on what strand to pick. He had tried to consult with his parents, guidance counsellor and teacher but he still can't make up his mind
• Identity foreclosure


  • Aang is very passionate about basketball but he chooses to abandon this interest upon yielding to his parents' wishes to solely concentrate on his pre-med course
• Identity diffusion


  • Zuko, a graduating senior high student, thinks that every university makes no difference to him. Because of this, he has not thought about applying for any college admission
• Stages of Psychosocial Development

  A) Infancy

  B) Early Childhood

  C) Preschool

  D) School Age

  E) Adolescence

  F) Young Adulthood

  G) Middle Adulthood

  H) Maturity

  
• 8 Multiple Intelligence of Howard Gardner

  A) Naturalist

  B) Spatial

  C) Musical

  D) Logical-Reasoning

  E) Interpersonal

  F) Bodily-Kinesthetic

  G) Linguistic

  H) Intrapersonal

  
• Erik Erikson

  • theorist whose focus was on the psychosocial aspects of development, emphasis on the achievement of ego identity during adolescence
• “Too old to be a kid but too young to be an adult.”
• Early Adolescence


  • Initiating moves to establish oneself as a distinct and unique individual (delinquent behavior may emerge)
  • Basing one's self-image on physical characteristics
• Middle Adolescence


  • Putting premium on conformity when relating to peers
  • Becoming more self-directed due to expanded cognitive skills
  • Focus directed to peers of the opposite sex
  • Becoming strongly oriented to the standards of propriety
• Late Adolescence


  • Gaining more control over one's impulsive tendencies
  • Sense of independence increases
  • Establishing and identifying oneself with adult roles
  • Making initial decisions regarding career goals
  • Harnessing skills needed for adult roles
  • Establishing a well-defined sense of identity
  • Developing a solid set of career goals
  • Obtaining and sustaining a higher sense of social autonomy