ETHICS

• Ethics


  A branch of philosophy that explores questions about what's right and wrong
• Ethics as a branch of philosophy

  • Humans have a natural inclination to seek truth and meaning in life
  • Philosophy encourages us to question our beliefs and assumptions about reality
• Ethical inquiry


  • Systematic exploration of concepts such as justice, virtue and morality
  • Examining the factors that influence moral decision making to gain insights into human nature and societal values
• Major areas of ethics


  • Metaethics
  • Normative ethics
  • Ethics of religion
• Metaethics


  Explores the meaning of moral terms like right, good and justice
• Normative ethics


  Examines ethical actions and standards of moral behavior
• Ethics of religion


  Considers the relationship between ethics and religious beliefs, exploring moral codes within various religious traditions
• Philosophical methods of inquiry

  • Logic
  • Epistemology
  • Metaphysics
  • Scientific method
• Logic


  Correct thinking, analyze arguments and assess their validity
• Epistemology


  Studies the theory of knowledge
• Metaphysics


  Explores the nature of reality, existence, and identity
• Scientific method


  Empirical approach to acquiring evidence and knowledge
• Critical thinking is essential for philosophical inquiry, enabling us to analyze evidence, evaluate arguments and form informed judgements
• Culture


  • Shared and transmitted
  • Learned and acquired
  • Social phenomenon
  • Gratifies human need
  • Dynamic
  • Integrated
• Ethnocentrism


  Judging others based on one's own cultural standards
• Xenocentrism


  Valuing other cultures more highly than one's own
• Every culture has its own set of values and beliefs, influencing ethical perspectives and practices
• No culture is perfect, and humility is important in recognizing the value of different cultures
• Ethical theories from different cultures can complement each other, offering a broader understanding of morality
• The culture of an organization reflects its values and beliefs, shaping ethical behavior among employees
• Leaders play a crucial role in promoting ethical values and creating a culture of integrity and trust
• Unethical practices can thrive in organizations when they're tolerated or endorsed by leaders
• The cultural ideals of a country influence the culture of organizations within it
• National cultures vary, impacting how organizations operate and prioritize values like competition or harmony
• Moral dilemma


  Occurs when individuals are faced with conflicting answers to the question "what is right?"