Juvie

• Juvenile diversion programs


  • Assess the rationale of
  • Give examples of different types
• Types of Juvenile diversion programs

  • 6 different types
• Juveniles with special needs

  • Examine 4 challenges faced by
  • Discuss what works and what does not work for
• Juveniles with special needs

  • Give examples of what works and what does not work
• Changes the modern family is undergoing in relation to Juvenile delinquency


  • Family Breakup
  • Family Conflict
  • Family competence
  • Family Deviance
• Demonstrate the connection between family breakup including divorce and delinquent behaviour


  (10-14 Marks)
• Explain why families in conflict produce more delinquents than those that function harmoniously

  (6 Marks)
• Compare and contrast the effects of good and bad parenting on delinquency


  (10-15 Marks)
• Discuss how having deviant parents affects a child's behavioral choices


  (6-9 Marks)
• Changes the modern family is undergoing

  • Family Make-up
  • Child Care
  • Economic Stress
• Nuclear family


  The traditional family, with a male breadwinner and a female who cares for the home, is largely a thing of the past
• Changing sex roles have created a family where women play a much better role in the economic process; this has created a more egalitarian (democratic, equal) family structure
• About three quarters of all mothers of school-age children are employed, up from 50%in 1970 and 40% in 1960
• Fathers are now spending more time with their children on workdays than they did 20 years ago, and mothers are spending somewhat less time
• Racial differences in family makeup

  About one-third of all African American children live in families that have two parents compared to about three-quarters of European American children
• By age 16, 40% of European American children and 75 % of African American children will experience parental separation or divorce and some will experience multiple family disruptions
• Though there has been a sharp decline in teen pregnancies, more than 1.3 million children are still born to unmarried women annually; in 2006, the teen pregnancy rate rose 3%, the first increase in more than 15 years
• Child care


  Charged with caring for children in a day care system whose workers are often paid minimum wage
• Of special concern are 'family day care homes,' in which a single provider takes care of three to nine children
• Today, about 12 million children receive some form of child care on daily basis from other persons other than their parents
• Kids living in poverty are much more likely to be in non-parental care than more affluent kids
• Several states neither license nor monitor these private providers. Even in states that mandate registration and inspection of day care providers, it is estimated than 90 % or more of the facilities operate 'underground'
• It is not uncommon for one adult to care for eight infants, an impossible task regardless of training or feelings of concern
• Children from working poor families are most likely to suffer from inadequate child care; these children often spend time in make shift arrangements that allow their parents to work, but lack the stimulating environment children need to thrive
• About 3.5 million children under age 13 spend some time at home alone each week while their parents are at work
• Economic stress


  The family is also undergoing economic stress
• Nearly 20% of all children live in poverty and about 8% live in extreme poverty, at least 50 % below the poverty line
• About 33 % of all children live in families where no parent has full-time year-round employment
• The majority of poor families live in substandard housing without adequate health care, nutrition, or child care
• Those whose incomes place them above the poverty line are deprived of government assistance
• Recent political trends suggest that the social 'safety net' is under attack and that poor families can expect less government aid in the coming years
• The number of senior citizens is on the rise. As the people retire, there will be fewer workers to cover the costs of Social Security, medical care, and nursing home care. These costs will put greater economic stress on families
• Voter sentiment has an impact on the allocation of public funds, and there is concern that an older generation, worried about health care costs, may be reluctant to spend tax dollars on at-risk kids
• The effect of these family stressors can have a significant impact on children's behavior
• The family is the primary unit in which children learn the values and attitudes that guide their actions throughout their lives
• Family disruption or change can have a long-lasting impact on children
• In contrast, effective parenting can help neutralize the effect of both individual (e.g., emotional problems) and social (e.g., delinquent peers) forces, which promote delinquent behaviors
• There is a long tradition of tracing gender differences in delinquency to traits that are uniquely male or female
• Four categories of family dysfunction that seem to promote delinquent behavior

  • Families disrupted by spousal conflict or break up
  • Families involved in interpersonal conflict
  • Ineffective parents who lack proper parenting skills
  • Families that contain deviant parents who may transmit their behavior to their children
• The argument that biological and psychological differences between males and females can explain differences in crime rates is not a new one