Science

• Respiration


  The overall exchange of gases between the atmosphere, the blood and the cells
• Breathing


  A phase of respiration which includes the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide
• Phases of respiration


  1. Inspiration

  2. Expiration
• External respiration


  The exchange of gases between the air and the blood within the lungs
• Internal respiration


  The exchange of gases between the blood and body cells
• Cellular respiration


  The process of using oxygen to breakdown glucose in food to release the energy needed by the body
• Medulla oblongata


  A part of the brain that controls the breathing rate of the person
• Tracts


  • Upper respiratory tract
  • Lower respiratory tract
• Parts of the upper respiratory tract

  • Nostrils and the nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Epiglottis
  • Larynx
• Nostrils and nasal cavity

  • Trap dust particles and moistens air mucus
• Pharynx


  Passageway for air, a muscular tube in your upper throat
• Epiglottis


  Flap of tissue that closes the entrance to the rest of the respiratory system
• Larynx


  Has the vocal cords and the thyroid cartilage (also known as Adam's apple)
• Parts of the lower respiratory tract

  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Lungs
• Trachea


  "Windpipe", passageway to the lungs
• Lungs


  Main organ of the respiratory system
• Diaphragm


  A powerful muscle nestled at the bottom of the rib cage
• Pleura


  Layers of membrane surrounding the lungs
• The left lung has 2 lobes, the right lung has 3 lobes
• Bronchi


  Branches of the trachea
• Bronchioles


  Tiny twig-sized tubes
• Alveoli


  Air sacs, gateways through which oxygen enters the body
• Diffusion


  Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
• Common cold


  A contagious infection of the upper respiratory tract, caused by rhinovirus
• Influenza


  Mainly caused by myxovirus (influenza viruses), could lead to pneumonia and even death
• Pneumonia


  Any infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, causes inflammation of the lungs' air sacs (alveoli)
• Tuberculosis


  Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Asthma


  Chronic allergic condition that makes the breathing airways narrower and swollen, increase of the production of mucus
• Bronchitis


  Inflammation or swelling of the breathing passages
• Emphysema


  Long term disease of the lungs caused by prolonged exposure to respiratory irritants (ex. with air pollutants), damages alveoli and breathing passageways
• COPD


  "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease", associated with a group of lung disorders, progressive and long-term obstruction of airflow
• Lung cancer


  Triggered by long-term exposure to tobacco smoke