Respiratory system

• Respiration


  Refers to the overall exchange of gases between the atmosphere, the blood and the cells.
• breathing


  Is a phase of respiration which includes the inhalation of oxygen

  and exhalation of carbon dioxide
• What are the phases of respiration?

  - inspiration

  - expiration
• External Respiration


  exchange of gases between the air and the blood within the lungs
• Internal Respiration


  the exchange of gases between the blood and body cells
• Cellular Respiration


  the process of using oxygen to breakdown glucose in food to release the energy needed by the body
• Medulla Oblongata


  a part of the brain that controls the breathing rate of the person
• What are the tracts?

  - Upper Respiratory Tract

  - Lower Respiratory Tract
• What parts are in the URT?

  - nostrils and the nasal cavity

  - pharynx

  - epiglottis

  - larynx
• nostrils and the nasal cavity

  - traps dust particles and moistens air mucus
• pharynx


  - passageway for air

  - a muscular tube in your upper throat
• epiglottis


  - flap of tissue that closes the entrance to the rest of the respiratory system
• larynx


  - has the vocal cords and the thyroid cartilage (also known as Adam's apple)
• What are the parts in the LRT?

  - trachea

  - bronchi

  - bronchioles

  - lungs
• trachea


  - "windpipe"

  - passageway to the lungs
• lungs


  - main organ of the respiratory system
• diaphragm


  - a powerful muscle nestles at the bottom of the rib cage
• pleura


  - layers of membrane surrounding the lungs
• How many lobes are in each lung?

  left lung - 2 lobes

  right lung - 3 lobes
• bronchi


  - branches of the trachea
• bronchioles


  - tiny twig-sized tubes
• alveoli


  - air sacs

  - gateways through which oxygen enters the body
• diffusion


  - movement of molecule from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
• common cold


  - a contagious infection of the upper respiratory tract

  - caused by rhinovirus
• influenza


  - mainly caused by myxovirus (influenza viruses)

  - could lead to pneumonia and even death
• pneumonia


  - any infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi

  - causes inflammation of the lungs' air sacs (alveoli)
• Tuberculosis


  - caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Asthma


  - chronic allergic condition that makes the breathing airways narrower and swollen

  - increase of the production of mucus
• bronchitis


  - inflammation or swelling of the breathing passages
• emphysema


  - long term disease of the lungs caused by prolonged exposure to respiratory irritants (ex. with air pollutants)

  - damages alveoli and breathing passageways
• COPD


  - "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"

  - associated with a group of lung disorders

  - progressive and long-term obstruction of airflow
• lung cancer


  - triggered by long-term exposure to tobacco smoke
• coughing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, headache, fatigue, fever, body aches