SVSASR-MINE

• Sexual Reproduction


  A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring
• sex cells


  Female – egg

  Male – sperm
• Fertilization


  an egg cell and a sperm cell join together.

  A new cell is formed and is called a zygote
• Advantages: Sexual Reproduction

  Diverse offspring: genetic variation among offspring

  Half of the DNA comes from mom

  Half of the DNA comes from dad

  Due to genetic variation, individuals within a population have slight differences

  Plants – resist diseases

  Traits can develop to resist harsh environments that allows an organism survive
• Selective Breeding


  Used to develop many types of plants and animals that have desirable traits

  Agriculture/Farming: better plants, larger animals

  Desirable pets
• Time and Energy


  Organisms have to Grow and develop until they are old enough to produce sex cells

  Search and find a mate

  Searching can expose individuals to predators, diseases, or harsh environmental conditions

  Fertilization cannot take place during pregnancy, which can last as long as 2 years for some mammals.
• Asexual Reproduction


  One parent: organism produces offspring without fertilization

  Uniform offspring: Because offspring inherit all of their DNA from one parent, they are genetically identical to each other and to their parent
• Fission: Asexual Reproduction


  Cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells

  DNA is copied

  The cell begins to grow longer, pulling the two copies apart. The cell membrane pinches inward in the middle of the cell. Cell splits to form two new uniform, identical offspring

  
  

  Examples: bacteria, Ecoli, pond critters
• Budding: Asexual Reproduction


  a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent

  The bud, or offspring is identical to the parent. When large enough, can break off of the parent and live on its own. Offspring may remain attached and form a colony

  
  

  Examples: Yeast, Hydra, cactus
• Regeneration: Asexual Reproduction


  occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent.

  Producing new organisms: Sea Stars, Sea urchins, sea cucumber, sponges, and planarians

  Producing new body parts: Gecko, Newts, tadpoles, crabs, hydra, and zebra fish
• Vegetative Propagation: Asexual


  uniform offspring grow from a part of a parent plant

  Parent plants sends out runners

  Where the runner touches the ground, roots can grow

  A new plant is produced even if the runner is broken apart

  Each new plant is uniform and identical to the parent.

  Examples: strawberries, potatoes, ivy, crabgrass
• Advantages: Asexual Reproduction

  Enables organisms to reproduce without a mate

  No wasted time and energy

  Enables some organisms to rapidly reproduce a large number of uniform offspring
• Disadvantages: Asexual Reproduction

  Because their offspring are identical, there is no genetic variation that can give an organism a better chance for survival

  A whole species can be wiped out from a disease

  Dangerous mutations in DNA – if the parent has the mutation in their DNA, the offspring will have it too
• Advantages: Sexual Reproduction

  Diverse offspring

  Traits

  Selective Breeding 
• Disadvantages: Sexual Reproduction

  Time and Energy