ENGLISH

• Research - is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines
• Research - is conducted to evaluate the validity of hypothesis or an interpretive framework; to assemble a body of substantive knowledge and findings for sharing them in appropriate manners; and to generate questions for further inquiries
• Abstract - a brief overview of a research study
• Applied Research - conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice
• Basic Research - research that tests theories
• Conceptual Definition - a variable, such as anxiety, may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness
• Concepts - the building blocks of theories
• Constitutive Definition - the basic dictionary meaning
• Control Group - in experiments, the one that does not get the treatment
• Correlational Study - a type of research design that depicts a relationship between variables, but not necessarily are of cause-effect
• Data - information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation
• Delimitations - it addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope
• Dependent Variable - the concept that the researcher is most interested in understanding
• Descriptive Study - research design that describes "what is" e.g. a survey

  Experiment - a research design used to find "cause-effect" relationships the "effect of....on"
• Experimental Group - the one that gets the treatment
• External Validity - how generalizable the results are as it concerns other populations and locations
• Extraneous - variables that may influence or contaminate the data
• Heterogeneous - groups under study are very different or varied
• Homogenous - groups that are very similar
• Independent Variable - the concept being studied that usually indicates the influence or cause the one that the researcher is manipulating
• Hypothesis - a statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between variables
• Inductive Reasoning - the basis for the qualitative research approach
• Deductive Reasoning - depends on premises and is the basis for the quantitative research approach
• Internal Validity - the extent to which a study measures what it is supposed to measure (accuracy within a study)
• Operational Definition - how a term is used in a study
• Null Hypothesis - the proposition, to be tested statistically, that the experimental intervention has "no effect", meaning that the treatment and control groups will not offer as a result of the intervention. Investigators usually hope that the data will demonstrate some effect from the interventions, allowing the investigator to reject the null hypothesis
• Mode - the score that occurs the most
• Methodology - systematic approach to the conduct of a process, it includes steps of procedure, application of techniques, systems of analysis and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline
• Median - the middle where half the scores fall above, half below, eliminates the influence of outlets
• Mean - the arithmetic average
• Measures of Central Tendency - averages e.g the mean
• Limitations - identify potential weaknesses of the study
• Introduction - establishes the scope, context and significance of the research to be conducted
• T-Score - a standard score on the normal curve where the mean is assigned "50" deviations of "10". Allows more simple interpretation of student achievement
• Subject - the people who are being studied
• T-Test - a parametric statistical tool that compares differences between the means of two groups assumptions for use include normal distribution and at least interval data
• Theory - an generalization that presents a representation about relationships among phenomena
• Validity - accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures what it is supposed to measure
• Variable - a quality of interest or concepts that can be manipulated observed or studied
• Qualitative Research - trying to verify or generate descriptive theory that is grounded in the data gleaned from the investigation (naturalistic)