liberalism x

• why are liberals called liberals


  because they believe in liberty
• what is an ideology

  a set of beliefs or opinions belonging to a group or an individual
• origins of classical liberalism


  enlightenment period 17th century
• what was the enlightenment m

  a movement based on belief and reason rather than faith
• was classical liberalism successful in britain?


  yes as it achieved freedoms such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion
• origins of modern liberalism


  roots in classical liberalism, was a reaction to industrialization as some men had freedom but nobody else did
• what did john locke argue about rights (human nature)


  he argued we had natural god given rights to freedom
• what did john stuart mill argue about freedom

  he said its on the basis of utilitarianism
• what is utilitarianism


  making decisions based on the outcomes that provide the most happiness = maximizing happiness
• what do all liberals agree on freedom?


  they all agree freedom is good
• what freedom do classical and modern liberals believe in (not the same)

  classical= negative

  modern= positive
• what is positive freedom?


  “freedom to”

  for example: freedom to achieve
• what is negative freedom


  freedom from

  for example, freedom from the state
• the state is a necessary evil
• what is individualism


  prioritizing the individual (rights, freedoms etc) over collective goals
• what do both liberalism and the enlightenment believe


  that the individual is the most important
• what is egotistical individualism? and which strand of liberalisms believes in it

  focusing on self interest and personal gain often @ the expensive of others well-being

  classical liberals
• what is developmental individualism and which strand believes in it


  individuals should act altruistically (selflessly) = doing things to help others without expecting anything back

  modern liberals
• what is foundational equality


  all individuals are moral and should be treated as equals by law and policies
• formal equality?


  equal legal and political rights
• example of formal equality?


  right to a fair trial

  right to vote
• equality of opportunity?


  equal chance to achieve life goals
• what type of equality do classical liberals emphasize?


  foundational and formal
• what type of equality do modern liberals emphasize?

  Equality of opportunity
• classical liberals believe that the market is _____ and gives everyone an opportunity

  equal
• all liberals believe in foundational and formal equality except ___?


  john locke- not equal rights for women

  freedom of religion but only for protestant
• liberals believe in ____ government


  LIMITED
• classical liberals want a ____ state


  nightwatchman state
• what is a nightwatchman state?

  guarantee security mostly of property
• why is the state a necessary evil?


  necessary to preserve freedom

  also potentially evil and might threaten or take away freedom
• modern liberals believe in an what state


  enabling / interventionist state
• what is an interventionist/ enabling state?


  Government actively involved in regulating and controlling economic activities.
• what was the political structure based on before the enlightenment and liberalism?


  the ”divine right“ and monarchy
• what was the divine right?


  the belief that god gave kings and queens the right to govern/rule
• what challenged the previous political structure?

  liberalism
• what is individualism?


  prioritizing individual (rights, freedoms, etc) rather than collective goals
• what is rationalism?


  the belief that reason and logic are primary principles to knowledge and thoughr
• what is liberal democracy?


  limited government and a clear constitution
• what is liberty?


  freedom

  and

  the belief that rational humans should have the freedom to pursuit goals
• what is self determination?


  individual freedom (or autonomy)