COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

• _______ cannot destroy antigens on their own.

  Antibodies
• ______ Process of coating the antigen

  Opsonization
• Give the 3 OPSONINS

  C3b

  CRP

  IgG
• ______ is composed of a group of serum proteins which are most of the time inactive .

  Complement System
• _____ will activate the _____ protein of the complement system

  IgG

  C1
• Named complement proteins because this ______ component of the serum “complemented” antibodies in the killing of bacteria

  heat-labile
• Inactivated at _____ degrees Celsius for _____ minutes

  56° for 30 minutes
• Composed of ____ serum and cell surface proteins synthesized in the ____

  30

  LIVER
• Compliment proteins are produced by the _____ of the liver

  Hepatocytes
• incases of infection particularly on the ACUTE STAGES of infection when there is the production of ______ and _____, the liver will INCREASE its production of complement proteins

  IL-6

  TNF
• When there is an infection, the liver will increase the production of CLOTTING FACTORS. One of these clotting factors is _____

  Fibrinogen
• Liver will also increase the production of

  _______ and other _______ which can have antimicrobial

  properties.

  Complement proteins

  Acute phase reactants
• the liver during the early stage of infection will decrease its production of_____

  Albumin - because clotting factors, complement proteins, and acute phase

  reactants are all proteins made up of amino acids. Should the liver increase the production of these proteins, the liver would need higher

  amounts of amino acid
• the causative agent of syphilis

  Treponema pallidum
• The ______ from the ________ has the same antigen as that of T. pallidum

  Cardiolipin

  Beef heart muscle
• True or False.

  Cardiolipin is easily destroyed by the complement proteins

  True
• he found that sheep blood serum had killing activity against Bacillus anthracis

  GEORGE NUTTALL
• he observed that serum from an immunized animal was bactericidal activity against cholera bacteria

  (agglutination and lysis)

  JULES BORDET
• Bordet concluded that there were two factors responsible for the bacteria-killing:

  (1) a heat-stable sensitizing factor or antibody, and a (2) a heat-labile substance that acted only on a sensitized target
• he coined complement proteins

  PAUL EHRLICH
• A defensive system consisting of over 30 proteins produced by the liver and found in circulating blood serum or bounds to cells. 


  Complement System
• The complement works as a ____ system

  Cascade - is when one reaction triggers another reaction which triggers others and so on.
• True or False

  Removing one of the proteins will continue the process

  False "discontinue"
• Complement proteins are INACTIVE

  zymogen
• Once ACTIVATED, they are called

  serine proteases
• True or False.

  The CS Numbered according to the order of discovery and not based on the order of activation.


  True
• C3 =

  C3a and C3b =

  C3 = zymogen C3a and C3b = serine proteases

  • When the products are split they become active. The active products are usually designated with a LOWER CASE a or b.
• a = smaller fragments

  b = bigger fragments

  a= Diffusion

  b = Bind
• The complement system can be activated by either of three different pathways:

  Classical pathway (specific immune system) Mannose-Lectin Binding Pathway Alternative (non-specific immune system)
• The classical pathway is activated by_____

  antigen-antibody complex
• The classical pathway belongs to what type of immunity?

  ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
• What antibodies can activate the complement?

  IgM

  IgG1

  IgG2

  IgG3
• only ___ and ___ are capable of fixing the complement system via classical pathway.

  IgG and IgM
• all igG subclassess can activate CP except for ____ 


  IgG4
• True or False.

  1 IgM is enough to activate the compliment system

  True - IgM is a pentameric immunoglobulin.

  1 IgM molecule has 10 CH3 domains thus one 1 IgM can

  already fix the complement.
• It is FIRST protein involved in Classical pathway

  C1
• True or False.

  Only 1 IgM is needed to activate C1

  True
• 2 CH2 domains of ___

  2 CH3 domains of ___

  IgG

  IgM
• why is that IgM will not activate C1 while they are circulating in the blood?

  IgM has to be bound first in the surface of the antigen before they can activate the C1 protein of the clas.path
• 2 forms of IgM:

  Planar or starfish

  Staple or crab