Prelims CHN

• A social group determined by geographic boundaries and/or common values and interests. It functions within a particular social structure and exhibits and create norms, values and social institutions


  Community
• a collection of people who interact with one another ad whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging

  Allender
• a group of people who share something in common and interact with one another, who exhibit a commitment with another ad may share a geographic boundary

  Lundy and James
• used to denote a group of people having common personal or environmental characteristics. Refers to the people in the community

  Population
• subgroups or sub-populations that have some common characteristics or concerns

  Aggregates
• physical, social-cultured, educational and employment milieu


  environment
• self-responsibility, self-care competency


  Population behavior and lifestyle
• genetic characteristics of a community/population

  Human biology
• prevention, promotion, cure and rehabilitation


  Systems of health care
• formed by both natural and man-made boundaries (barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, regions, nations). This is also called as “territorial communities”


  Geopolitical
• usually small and occupation of the people is usually farming, fishing and food-gathering. It consists of simple folk characterized by primary group relation, well-knit and having a high degree of group feeling. People assume agric

  Rural
• high density, a social heterogeneous population and a complex structure, non-agricultural occupations, something different from an area characterized by complex interpersonal social relations. People assume industrial-type of works

  Urban
• refers to relational or interactive groups; setting is more abstract and people share a common perspective, identity, culture etc. (schools, churches). This is also called “functional communities”

  Phenomenological
• Health protection activities are highly varied. They may include the prevention of nutritional deficiencies, accidents at work and at home, communicable diseases, CVDs, cancers, pollution, etc.

  Prevention of health problems
• Community health nurses provide direct and indirect services to individuals with

  chronic health problems.

  Remedial care for health problems
• Focus on assisting people with health problems to obtain treatment.

  InDirect service
• home visits for assessment and monitoring of health problems, dietary planning, administration of injections, personal care, home-making services, and information about equipment resources (bath seats, wheel chairs, canes, walkers, syringes, etc.)

  Direct service
• Services that focus on reducing disability and/or restoring function are provided at

  the individual, family and community level.

  Rehabilitation
• refers to a systematic approach of obtaining, organizing and analyzing numerical facts so that conclusion may be drawn from them

  Statistics
• refers to the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages,

  divorce, separation and deaths

  Vital statistics
• study of occurences and distribution of diseases as well as the distribution and

  determinants of health states or events in specified population, and the application of this study to the control of health problems

  Epidemiology
• Shows the relationship between a vital event and those persons exposed to the occurrence of said event, within a given area and during a specified unit of time. It is evident that the persons experiencing the event must come from the total population exposed to the risk of the same event

  Rate
• Used to describe the relationship between 2 numerical quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations to the time or place.

  Ratio
• Refers to total living population. It must be presumed that the total population was exposed to the risk of occurrence of the event

  Crude / General rates
• The relationship is for a specific population class or group. It limits the occurrence of the event to the portion of the population definitely exposed to it


  specific rate
• Refers to the estimated population as of July 1 of a specified year

  Estimated population
• measure of one characteristic of the natural growth or increase in population

  Crude birth rate
• a measure of one mortality from all causes which may result in a decrease of population


  Crude death rate
• measures the risk of dying during the first year of life. It is a good index of the general health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical condition of a community.


  Infant mortality rate
• measure of one characteristic of natural growth compared to the fertility age group

  General fertility rate
• Describes more accurately the risk of exposure of certain classes or groups to particular diseases

  Specific death rate
• No. Of death in a particular age group registered in a given calendar year

  Age specific death rate
• No.of deaths of a certain sex in a given year


  Sex specific death rate
• No. of deaths from a specific cause in a given year


  Cause specific death rate
• Measures pregnancy wastage. Death of the product of conception occurs prior to its complete expulsion, irrespective of duration of pregnancy

  Fetal death rate
• Measures the risk of dying the 1st month of life. May serves as an index of the effects of prenatal care and obstetrical management on the newborn

  Neonatal death rate
• Measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. An index of the obstetrical care needed and received by the women in a community

  Maternal mortality rate
• Measures the risk of dying for 50 years old and above


  Swaroops index
• Shows the numerical relationship between deaths from a cause, age etc.

  Proportionate mortality rate
• Index of a killing power of the disease. It is influenced by incomplete reporting and poor morbidity data


  Case fatality ratio