Mapeh reviewer(oa only)

• Gateway Drugs Gateway drugs such as cigarettes an alcohol are legal drugs that a non-diag user might try, which can lead him/her to more dangerous drugs such as marijuana and shabu
• Prevention of Substance Use and Abuse Cigarettes and Alcohol
• Cigarettes and Alcohol Since cigarettes and alcohol are readily available and generally accepted in our society, many people use them for various purposes. Teenagers like you are especially vulnerable because you are curious and risk -takers. 
• Cigarettes and Alcohol According to the study done by the National Youth Commission (NYC), 2_out of 5 Filipino teenagers ged 13 to 15 years old smoke cigarettes (philstar.com, March 16, 2012) Furthermore, in a study conducted by an anti-tobacco group in the year 2011, ten Filipinos die every year of tobacco-related_diseases (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Sept. 19,2011). 
• SMOKING It is a process in which a substance is burned, and the resulting smoke is breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Most commonly, the substance is the dried leaves of the Tobacco Plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small, round cylinder called "cigarette" 
• SMOKING Tobacco is tall, leafy plant, originally grown in South and Central America, but now cultivated throughout the world. There are many species of tobacco but Nicotiana tabacum or sometimes called common tobacco is preferred for producing present day cigarettes Each time a person puffs a cigarette or chew tobacco, more than 4,000 chemicals comes into his/her contact. All of these chemicals harm people in one way or another. In studies conducted, 43 of these chemicals are known carcinogens. Carcinogens are substances which cause cancer 
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco smoking and chewing is the second leading cause of death around the world
• Tobacco smoking and chewing is responsible for the death of one in ten adults worldwide approximately reaching about 5 million deaths in a year
• It is estimated that the death toll will rise to 10 million each year by the year 2020
• Nicotine


  The addictive drug found in tobacco products like cigarettes
• Nicotine


  A poisonous stimulant
• Stimulant drug


  • Increases the central nervous system (CNS) activity
  • The central nervous system controls all body organs like the heart, lungs, brain, and processes like heart rate, blood pressure rate, respiration rate, and more
• 1. Mainstream Smoke refers specifically to the smoke that a smoker directly inhales. 
• 2.Sidestream Smoke The smoke that comes out of the lighted end of a cigarette or pipe. This is also called "second- hand smoke" (SHS)_or "environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This is more dangerousi than mainstream smoke. 
• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies second-hand smoke as a Group A Carcinogen. This means that cigarette smoke has substances known to cause cancer to humans. Short exposures to second-hand smoke can also cause changes in a passive smoker's blood, making blood platelets stickier, adding friction to the blood vessels causing damages to its lining and thus causes an increase in heart rate and performance. 
• High Blood Pressure Too much exertion of blood against the arteries causing damage
• Heart Disease Involves the cardiovascular system. 
• Bad Breath Foul smell exhaled from the mouth
• Emphysema Damaged air sacs in the lungs
• Asthma A chronic disease which affects the Airways
• Cancer A group of diseases which makes body cells grow uncontrollably. 
• Policies and Laws against Cigarette Smoking
• Republic Act No. 9211 The Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 is the low governing tobacco production, distribution and use. Some of its important provisions are the following: 1. Section 5. Smoking Ban in Public Places. Smoking shall be absolutely prohibited in the following public places: a. Centers of youth activity such as schools and universities; b. Elevators and stairways; 
• Republic Act No. 9211 c. Locations in which fire hazards are present, including gas stations and storage areas for flammable substances; d. Within the buildings and premises of public and private hospitals and clinics; e. Public conveyances and public facilities including airport and ship terminals and train and bus stations, restaurants and conference halls; f. Food preparation areas MUSEUM 
• Minimum Age Sales Under this Act

  1. It shall be unlawful for any retailer of tobacco products to sell or distribute tobacco products to any minor (persons below 18 years of age)

  2. It shall be unlawful for any person to purchase cigarettes or tobacco products from a minor

  3. It shall be unlawful for a minor to sell or buy cigarettes or any tobacco product

  4. It shall be unlawful for a minor to smoke cigarettes or any other tobacco products
• Sale of Tobacco Products Within School Perimeters


  The sale or distribution of tobacco products is prohibited within one hundred (100) meters from any point of the perimeter of a school, public playground, or other facility frequented particularly by minors
• Dangers of Alcohol
• It is a colorless bitter-tasting substance that humans have been consuming since the ancient times. It comes from plants that underwent fermentation. 
• TYPES OF ALCOHOL ISOPROPYL METHANOL are used in laboratories and are poisonous and fatal if taken. 
• ETHANOL is also called beverage alcohol which comes from fruits and grains
• • Alcohol is considered as a drug because changes a person's physical and emotional state. • Alcohol slows down the body system Depressant so it is a • Irritates the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. • Makes the heart work harder • Makes the body lose heat • Causes the liver to work harder Causes dehydration. 
• • Loss of balance and coordination. • Impaired speech, hearing and vision • Lightheaded and very elated feeling • Intoxication, hangover, nausea: 
• INTOXICATION is physical and mental chrges that the body is experiencing upon consuming a-shol. With the first drink of alcohol, it begins to affectur brain. HANGOVER is a s a physical effect that gives discomfort to humans who heavily consumed alcohol. You get a hangover because the ethanol in the drink caused increase urine production, leading to dehydration. Dehydration causes headaches, fatigue, and dry mouth. 
• NAUSEA. Alcohol also irritates the stomach lining, which can lead to nausea. Nausea includes vomiting and motion sickness Blood-Alcohol Concentration (BAC BAC is measured in percentages 0.3 to 0.5% BAC could lead to coma, brain damages, and death 
• ALCOHOLISM A condition when a person heavily consumes alcohol consistently which results to numerous body damages and malfunctions Cirrhosis A condition where the liver is scarred due to heavy alcohol consumption. 
• Fatty Liver A condition where the liver is being stored with fat from alcohol Multiplier Effect A condition where alcohol is consumed simultaneously with any drug or medicine, causing impairments in the physical and mental functioning of the body. 
• Alcohol Tolerance A condition where a person needs more alcohol to feel its organic effects Alcohol Dependence A condition where (O person needs a drug- like alcohol and cigarette in order for the body to function normally