Ge104

• Sceptiks


  Advancing some degree of doubt regarding claims that are elsewhere taken for granted
• Transformationalist


  A viewpoint that recognizes both positive and negative consequences of global integration
• Liquid


  Increasing ease of movement of people, things, information & places in the contemporary world
• Developing countries


  Countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and have, in most cases, a medium to low standard of living
• Globalization


  A term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place
• Hyper-globalists


  Underwritten by the notion that technologies such as the Internet, mobile phones, and computerized financial systems drive positive global interconnectedness and prosperous dynamism
• Transitional countries


  Countries which are undertaking macroeconomic reforms in an attempt to alter the ways in which their economies are managed
• Developed countries


  A relatively high level of economic growth and security
• Economic globalization


  The increasing integration of national economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows
• Solid


  Barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of things including the humans
• Flows


  The movement of people across international borders in the form of immigration, international student flows, business travel, and tourism
• United Nations


  An international organization founded in 1945
• Global governance


  Institutions that coordinate the behavior of transnational actors, facilitate cooperation, resolve disputes, and alleviate collective action problems
• World Health Organization


  A part of the United Nations that deals with major health issues around the world
• Normative Gap


  Emerges between the goals of the policymakers and the objectives of economic designs
• Compliance Gap


  Focuses on bridging the divide between an organization's current compliance status and the requirements set by regulatory standards. It centers on controls and operational aspects rather than risk exposure
• Institutional Gap


  Unintended, unforeseen or hidden gaps between different rule hierarchies in two or more simultaneously operating institutions
• Knowledge Gap


  The difference between the information an employee knows vs. what their organization needs them to know
• Participation Gap


  The notion that not all meaning makers have equal access to the most generative forms of digital technologies, platforms, mentors, and experiences
• Incentive Gap


  The need for international cooperation and the motivation to undertake it
• Jurisdictional Gap


  Pertains to the increasing need for global governance in many areas
• World War I


  1914–18
• Imperialism


  Imperialism can be defined as a doctrine, political strategy, practice, state policy, or advocacy that consists in extending power by territorial acquisition or by extending political and economic control outward over other areas
• Cold War


  1947–1989
• World War II


  September 1, 1939 - May 8, 1945 (Germany), August 14, 1945 (Japan)
• Vertical Integration


  A strategy that allows a company to streamline its operations by taking direct ownership of various stages of its production process rather than relying on external contractors or suppliers
• Horizontal Integration


  When a company acquires or merges with another company in the same industry that is operating at the same level in the value chain
• Conglomerate Integration


  The process by which a company expands its operations into unrelated business areas or industries
• Integration


  The term "integration" refers to a process whereby the quality of relations among autonomous social units (kinship groups, tribes, cities, trade unions, trade associations, political parties) changes in such a way as to erode the autonomy of each and make it part of a larger aggregate
• Forward Vertical Integration


  When a business improves its production cycle by taking control of all the stages in the supply chain to create its product
• Pure Conglomerate Integration


  The two firms continue to operate in their own markets
• Mixed Conglomerate Integration


  Conversely, a mixed conglomerate merger is when two companies merge in order to expand their markets/products/services
• Backward Vertical Integration


  A form of vertical integration in which a company expands its role to fulfill tasks formerly completed by businesses up the supply chain
• Founding members of ASEAN

  • Indonesia
  • Malaysia
  • the Philippines
  • Singapore
  • Thailand
• ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations - a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries
• WTO: World Trade Organization - an international organization that regulates international trade
• IFC: International Finance Corporation - a member of the World Bank Group that provides loans and equity financing for private sector projects in developing countries
• IDA: International Development Association - a branch of the World Bank that provides concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest countries
• MIGA: Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency - a member of the World Bank Group that offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement to investors
• APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - a forum for promoting free trade and economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region