W3L3

• Ethics - system of moral principles. They affect how people make decisions and lead their lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is referred to as a moral philosophy.
• The term "Ethics" is derived from the Greek terminology, ethos, which implies custom, habit, character, or disposition.
• At the heart of ethics is a concern about something or someone other than ourselves and our own desires and self-interests
• Utilitarian ethical theories are based on one’s ability to predict the consequences of an action. To a utilitarian, choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the one that is ethically correct.
• There are two types of utilitarianism

  (a) act utilitarianism

  (b) rule utilitarianism
• Act utilitarianism subscribes precisely to the definition of utilitarianism – a person performs the acts that benefit the most people regardless of personal feelings or the societal constraints such as laws.
• Rule utilitarianism takes into account the law and is concerned with fairness. A rule utilitarian seeks to benefit the most people but through the fairest and most just means available. Thus, added benefits of rule utilitarianism are that it values justice and includes beneficence at the same time.
• Ethics

  • moral principles and dilemmas
  • can also refer to rules or guidelines that establish what conduct is right and wrong for individual and groups
• Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes
• Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism
• Utilitarianism - greatest good for greatest number
• Utilitarianism - can justify military force or war
• Limitation of Utilitarianism

  we cannot predict the future
• Deontology - people should adhere to their obligations and duties when engaged in decision-making where ethics are in play. This means that a person will follow his or her obligations to another individual or society because upholding one’s duty is what is considered ethically correct.
• Deontology - follow the rules and do their duty
• Rights - the rights established by a society are protected and given the highest priority. Rights are considered to be ethically correct and valid since a large population endorses them.
• Virtues - judge a person by his or her character rather than by an action that may deviate from his or her normal behavior.
• Cyber Ethics is the study of ethics pertaining to computers, covering user behavior and what computers are programmed to do, and how this affects individuals and society.
• The basic rule is that “do not do something in cyberspace that you would consider wrong or illegal in everyday life”
• Cyber Ethics is the study of moral, legal, and social issues at the intersection of computer and information and communication technologies
• Catfishing is when someone pretends to be someone they’re not by using social media to create a false identity, usually to defraud or scam someone else
• HOW TO SPOT CATFISHING?

  Trust your instincts

  Do they seem to know a lot about you?

  Verify their picture

  Do they want nudes only?
• Man vs. Machine

  This change in emphasis from science to ethics is being driven by the growth of exponential technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, plus the convergence of traditionally unrelated industries. A
• The issues around ethics are becoming more urgent as machines get smarter and become more ubiquitous to the point where technology is no longer simply around us but is inside of us. For example, nanobots in our bloodstream monitors and even regulate cholesterol levels, or the ability to connect our brains directly to the Internet to transform thoughts into actions.
• Issues with AI

  • Bias
  • Privacy
  • Accountability and Responsibility
  • Job Displacement
• SELF DRIVING CARS – ARE THEY SAFE?

  Although self-driving vehicles are generally safer than vehicles driven by humans, there’s still a small risk of them getting into accidents. Researchers say that even advanced autonomous vehicles will get into unavoidable accidents.
• HOW SELF DRIVING CARS SEE THE ROADS?

  Multi-domain Controller

  Manages inputs from camera, radar, and LiDAR. With mapping and navigation data, it can confirm decisions in multiple ways.
• Camera - Takes images of the road that are interpreted by a computer. Thus, it’s limited by what the camera can “see”.
• Radar - Radio waves are sent out and bounced off objects. It can work in all weather but cannot differentiate objects.
• LiDAR - Light pulses are sent out and reflected off objects. It can define lines on the road and works in the dark.
• Self driving car

  Whichever way people react, it's just a reaction. Not a deliberate decision.

  
  

  Their outcomes may be determined months or years advance by the programmersin of policy makers
• RULES OF CYBER ETHICS

  • Do not use rude or offensive language.

  • Do not cyberbully.

  • Do not break into someone else's computer.

  • Do not use someone else's password.

  • Do not attempt to infect or in any way try to make someone else's computer unusable.

  • Adhere to copyright restrictions when downloading material from the Internet, including software, games, movies or music.