Creams and Perfumes

• Creams - Semi-solid emulsions that contain oil and water mixtures.
• Paraffin wax - responsible for thixotropic character
• Mineral oil and wax - phase separation, sweating, and granular appearance is avoided
• Amorphous ozokerite and petrolatum - to avoid formation of crusty appearance
• These imparts the emollient property

  • lanolin
  • cetyl
  • alcohol
  • spermaceti
  • cocoa butter
• These impart opaque appearance

  • zinc oxide
  • titanium dioxide
  • magnesium stearate
  • zinc stearate
  • hydrous lanolin
• Cold cream is an emulsion of water and certain fats intended to smooth the skin and remove makeup, usually containing beeswax and various fragrance agents.

  clue : cooling feeling is left in the skin
• Vanishing and foundation creams - provide the skin with an emollient as well as preventive action against environmental conditions by

  creating a residual semi-occlusive film.

  clue : Often referred to as 'Day Creams' because they are applied

  at day time.
• Vanishing creams - they disperse less film that is not visible to the naked eye.

  clue : oil in water emulsions
• Foundation creams - used on the face to establish an even, uniform complexion color, cover defects, and often alter the natural skin tone.

  clue : Give the skin an emollient base.
• preparations applied during the night and removed in the morning are referred to as night creams while the preparations which are gently applied and rubbed on the skin are called massage creams.
• Hand and body creams are formulated with sufficient emollient formulations.

  clue : They are easy to apply and do not

  leave sticky film after their application.
• All purpose/sports cream - Used by sport persons and also by people

  who do outdoor activities. They are oily but non-greasy.
• Perfume - A mixture, typically in liquid form, of fragrant essential oils or aromatic compounds, fixatives and solvents, used to give a good

  fragrance to the human body.
• Fragrance oils - known aromatic oils,are synthetic blended aroma compounds or essential natural oils that are diluted with propylene glycol, vegetable oil, or mineral oil as a carrier.
• some of these essential oils are costly, so synthetic

  scents are used by some perfumers.
• Woody - Fragrances have a mystical and captivating smell that is often explicitly preferred by aftershaves.

  clue : perfect choice for wearing in the evening.
• Citrus - Perfume is distinguished by its zesty and fresh notes, which are

  preferred for colder, sunnier climates or for the spring/summer months.
• Floral - have a sweet and flowery aroma.
• Oriental fragrances - It is also referred to as amber fragrances, stand out due to their unusual combination of warmth and sensuality.
• A deodorant is a material that is applied to the body to avoid or mask body odor in the armpits, groin, and feet,
• Antiperspirant - a substance applied to the skin to prevent sweating as it blocks out pores
• Antibacterials - Kill bacteria and, thus, prevent the production of smelly

  compounds
• Aluminum and zirconium compounds - Traps sweat in

  sweat glands

  clue : only in antiperspirant
• Water and solvents - Carry the active ingredient(s)
• Deodorants are available in solid stick form (roll-on), liquid spray, gel, powder, and crystal forms.
• Liquid sprays typically contain alcohol as a solvent and may include antibacterial agents such as triclosan.
• Powders usually contain cornstarch or talcum powder to absorb moisture and reduce friction between skin surfaces.
• Fragrances - Cover unpleasant smell
• Fixatives - Help the fragrance compounds blend with the other ingredients
• Moisturizers and skin conditioning agents - Soothe and soften the skin
• Preservatives - Extend the shelf life of the product
• Chelating agents - Stabilize and preserve the product
• Additives for pH control - Make sure that the product has the correct pH value
• Humectants - Prevent the product from drying out
• Propellants - Carry the product to the skin

  clue : only in spray
• Surfactants, emulsifiers, and gelling agents - Improve the product’s consistency

  clue : only in roll-ons and sticks
• Colorants - Make the product look appealing
• Filler - absorb oiliness

  clue : silica
• Wash offs - Make it easier to wash the product off