Musculoskeletal system

• Short bones include bones like the carpals
• Long bones are bones like the femur
• Flat boned are bones like the sternum
• Irregular bones are bones such as the vertebra
• The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
• There are three types of joints in the body: pivot, Ball and Socket, and Hinge
• Muscles contract to create motion or maintain posture.
• Tendons attach muscles to bone.
• Bones protect organs, store minerals, produce blood cells, support soft tissues, allow movement, and anchor muscle tissue to move body parts.
• Bones have two main functions - support and protection
• Ball and socket joint is seen in the shoulder
• Hinge joint is found at the elbow and knee
• Pivot joint is located between the first cervical vertebrae (C1) and the occipital condyles on the skull
• There are 270 bones as a infant
• There are 207 bones as an adult
• The skull is located in the cranium
• The mandible is located in the lower half of the face and is the bone that forms the jaw.
• The clavicle is also known as the collarbone and connects the sternum to the scapula.
• The scapula also known as the shoulder blade is located in the axial skeleton.
• The sternum is the breastbone
• The thoracic vertebrae are numbered T1 -T12
• The lumbar vertebrae are numbered L1-L5
• The coccyx consists of four fused bones (CX1-CX4)
• The sacrum consists of five fused bones (S1-S5)
• The sacrum has five fused bones (S1-S5)
• The radius is located in the foream
• The humerus is located in the upper arm
• The ulna is located on the posterior side of the forearm
• The carpals are located at the wrist
• The metacarpals are located in the palm of the hand
• The phalanges are located in the fingers/toes
• The pelvis is located at the bottom of the spine
• The femur is located in the upper leg
• The patella is also known as the kneecap
• The tibia is also known as the shin bone and located in the lower leg
• The fibula is located in the lower leg behind the tibia
• The tarsals is also known as the ankle located at the base of the lower leg
• The metatarsals are located at the base of the toes and are responsible for the movement of the foot.
• Symptoms of variation to health in the musculoskeletal system include swelling, pain, deformity and bruising