SCIENCE 7 - prelim (fourth quarter)

• Conduction – is the process by which heat occurs through a medium from one point to

  another.
• • Conductors – are the materials or

  substances that allow electricity to flow

  through them.
• • Insulators – are materials that does not

  conduct electrical current.
• 2. Convection – is the process wherein thermal energy is transmitted from one material to another by

  the movement of heated particles of a fluid (i.e., liquid or gas)
• 3. Radiation – is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic (EM) waves. Can take place in a vacuum or empty space.
• • Thermal Energy

  • is the average kinetic energy present in a system.
• • the difference in the thermal energy of an object implies how hot or cold the object may

  seem.
• • a hot object contains high amounts of thermal energy
• • “When thermal energy is transferred to a cold object, the energy is now called heat.
• • Heat is a thermal energy in transit.
• Matters contain thermal energy and not heat.
• • Temperature

  • Measures the average amount of kinetic energy

  • It is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object.
• • Thermometer (thermal-meter)

  • It is used to measure temperature

  • The first thermometer was developed by Galileo Galilei in 1602.
• The word thermal is Greek term for “heat”.
• 1. degree Fahrenheit (°F) – established by

  Dutch inventor, Daniel Fahrenheit (1686-

  1710)
• 2. degree Celsius (°C) – named after

  Anders Celsius (1701-1744)
• 3. kelvin (K) – William Thompson, AKA Lord

  Kelvin used the theory (discovery of the

  relationship between volume and

  temperature of the gas) as basis for

  creating the concept of absolute

  temperature.