BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

• Biological macromolecules are large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
• Biomolecules have a huge variety of functions, such as storing energy, protection, etc.
• Biological macromolecules


  Large, organic molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
• Biological macromolecules


  • Most of them are organic compounds
  • The functional group determines their chemical properties
• Biomolecules


  Have a huge variety of functions, such as storing energy, protection, etc.
• Monosaccharide


  Simplest form of carbohydrates
• Monomer


  A molecule that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules or polymers
• Peptide


  Short chain of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds
• Hormones


  Special chemical messengers that are created in the endocrine gland
• Amino acids


  Organic compounds that combine to form proteins
• Enzymes


  Proteins which make the biochemical reactions fast
• Nucleotide


  Made up of three components: nitrogen-containing base, five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group
• Phospholipids


  Contain glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group
• Carbohydrate


  The word may be broken down to carbon and hydrate
• Saccharide


  Another term for carbohydrate
• Types of carbohydrates

  • Simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides)
  • Complex sugars (polysaccharides)
• Carbohydrates


  • The primary energy source of the human body
  • The different saccharides that humans eat are converted to glucose which can be readily used by the body
  • The excessive consumption of carbohydrates is converted to glycogen which is stored in the liver and in muscles
  • Glycogen is a slow-releasing carbohydrate