Entertainment through festivals, Charity through guilds and confraternities, SocialControl through encouragement of goodbehaviour good deeds and values of community and Employment through giving opportunity to advance socially.
How did the Church influence politics?
The relationship between the Church and the state was Erastian (State rules Church), Popes grant favours demanded by the King. Church of England was administered through York and Canterbury under the jurisdiction of a archbishop and 17 dioceses. High politicalpositionsweremonopolised by clergy men. The King used church wealth to reward churchmen he'd given high political office.
Who were the two most powerful churchmen under Henry VII?
Richard Fox and John Morton
What was the result of investing in parish churches?
Enhance the beauty of the Church, Ensure the remembrance of the Benefactor (charitable donor) and to reduce their time in purgatory.
What was a confraternity?
Groups of men who gathered to provide for the funeral costs of members, pay chaplains for mass, to maintain church fabric , to make donations and to socialise.
What was a guild?
Enormously popular, varying in size and wealth. With the wealthier being sources of localpatronage and power.
How did the Church provide entertainment?
Church-ale festivals.
What is another example of the Church's social role?
Pilgrimages such as Rogation Sunday which involved walking around the parish boundaries to protect it from evil through prayer
What the significance of Religion in people's individual lives?
Their individual religious experiences really mattered even though religion was emphasised as a social activity. Religiousindependence became more important over the progression of the 15th century.
How involved was the Church on people's everyday life?
Church controlled how an individualthought, reasoned and behaved. By offering ways someone could acquire grace and minimise time in purgatory.
What were the seven sacraments?
Baptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Anointing the sick, Penance, Holy orders and Eucharist
What was the central religious experience?
Mass, which involved priest performing Eucharist were the priest transformed (consecrated) the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ/ transubstantiation
What was the importance of Mass?
-Sacrifice performed by priest on behalf of the community
-Sacred ritual in which the whole community participated
The importance of the consecrated bread is emphasised at the feast of Corpus Christi
By 1500 what percentage of males were monks in England?
1%
What were some the different monastic orders during Henry VII's reign?
Benedictines, Cistercians and Carthusians
How were monks recruited?
Came from a wide range of social backgrounds, but a large proportion of monks in larger houses were drawn from the wealthier parts of society. And many monasteries recruited from their own localities.
How did the monks live?
Under monastic rule, in a monastery in one of the 900 communities across the country
How were Friars funded?
Through charitabledonations and arose in the 13th century
What were the main three orders of Friars?
Dominicans (Black Friars), Franciscans (Grey Friars, preaching order) and Augustinians
How were Friars recruited?
From lower down the social scale
What type of women filled nunneries?
Women unsuitable for marriage.Bridgettine foundation was the exception.
What condition were the nunneries in?
Poor and had less prestige. Except Bridgettine foundation
What were Lollards?
Stressed the understanding of the Bible and it's translation into English. Being sceptical of transubstantiation and Eucharist believing the Catholic Church was corrupt
Why were Lollard views deemed heresy?
They denied the validity of Churchdoctrines
How popular were Lollard beliefs?
Popular late 14th-early 15th century. Became fewer in number as they lost intellectualcoherence and were geographically restricted
How widespread was anti-clericalism?
Notvery, priests retained support form laity (those who weren't priests or members of religious orders)
What is Humanism?
Intellectualmovement with specific objectives who believed in Catholicism
What was JohnColet's involvement in Humanism?
Saw humanist scholarly approaches as a means to reform the church from within
What was Desiderius Erasums' involvement in Humanism?
Sought to regenerate Christianity via an emphasis on education and rejection of some traditional church ceremonies. Friends with Thomas More
How were schools developed in Henry's reign?
Elementary education-'song schools'
'Secondary' education via Grammar schools- 53 new ones 1460-1509
How was your schooling determined?
Geographically, the wealthy were well provided for regarding education
When did Humanism start to influence education?
1480s it was the beginning of a Humanist approach
Who was responsible for supporting higher education?
Lady Margaret Beaufort supported Cambridge university and other colleges
What did drama during Henry's reign consist of?
Plays during festive occasions with public celebrations that demonstrated straightforward morals and religious messages.
What was music like during Henry's reign?
'renaissance' from single-line chants to polyphonic choral music. Local bagpipes
Who were the two most important composers at the time?
Thomas Browne and Robert Fayrfax
What are some examples of musical instruments for the wealthy?
Shawms, sackbuts, trumpets, lutes and recorders
What was architectural style was prominent in Henry's reign?
Gothic perpendicular e.g Westminster Abbey
Who established the printing press and when?
William Caxton in 1478
How did humanism affect printed works?
Went from chivalric romances and adaptations of saint's lives to the works of humanistscholars which were more fashionable by 1509