sci lesspn 1 : introduction to volcanoes and their types

• geomorphology : the study of the relief features of the earths crust
• diastrophism: vertical and horizontal movement of the crust, caused by the movement of the plates
• erosion: physical removal of rock by weathering, water, ice, or wind
• diastrophism can occur due to internal pressure
• erosion are caused by forces outside the earths crust
• vulcanism: also called as volcanicity, phenomenon related to various processes associated with the surface discharge of magma
• geyser: phenomenon on the surface where the ground water beneath the shallow surface is heated up
• fumaroles: emit mixtures of steam and other gases
• fumaroles are fed by conduits
• fumaroles are responsible for intense chemical activities
• hot springs occur in many geothermal areas where the surfce of the earth intersects the water table
• volcano is an example of extrusive volcano
• volcano : cone-shaped hill or mountain form by the extrusion of lava
• vulcano, an islan of sicily named after the roman god of fire, vulcan
• 859 active volcanoes 75% of them are located in the ring of fire
• ring of fire: belt of the volcanoes that rings the pacific ocean
• Paricutin : located near the town of san juan, mexico
• paricutin: an active volcano as violent explosion were seen during the past five years
• paricutin cone grew 336m + 88m for another 8 yrs
• types of volcanoes

  cinder cones

  composite volcanoes

  shield volcanoes

  volcanic domes

  supervolcanoes

  submarine volcanoes

  subglacial volcanoes
• cinder cones is also known as scoria cone
• cinder cones : the simplest type of volcano
• cinder cones are steep conical hill, commonly found on flanks and in the calderas of hawaii 250m in height
• composite volcanoes are also called as stratovolcano
• composite volcanoes are made of alternating layers of pyroclastic materials and solidified lava flows
• composite volcanoes essential flows is conduit system
• shield volcanoes are broad gently sloping landform built by many layers of low-viscous lava flows
• shield volcanoes eruptions on this type are relatively non-violent
• mauna loa is the largest shield volcano in the world and is located in hawaii

  stands at 13,677 ft above sea level

  28,000 ft avove
• volcanic domes also known as lava domes
• volcanic domes are rounded, steep-sided mound that is formed by small, bulging masses of lava
• supervolcanoes are made to produce largest eruptions on earth
• vei meaning - volcanic explosivity index
• VEI scale is created my christopher g. newhall in the us and stephen self at the university of hawaii in 1982
• volumes of tephra are usually obtained by mapping the distribution and thickness of the tephra
• submarine volcanoes are created when magma erupts in the underwater fissures of the earth.
• submarine volcanoes are found near ocean ridges, shallow water
• pillow lava characterized by thick sequence of discontinuous pillow-shaped masses
• hydrothermal vents are commonly found in submarine volcanoes
• subglacial volcanoes are also called glaciovolcano