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Paper 1
Conflict & Tension (1918-1939)
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Cards (278)
When did World War One end?
November
1918
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What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919?
To establish terms of peace after
WWI
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Who were the leaders of the Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference?
France's
Clemenceau
,
Wilson
,
Lloyd George
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What was Clemenceau's main aim regarding Germany?
To
punish
Germany for war
damages
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How did Lloyd George's views differ from Clemenceau's?
Lloyd George wanted
economic stability
, not
harsh punishment
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What was Woodrow Wilson's main proposal at the conference?
The
14 points
for a fair peace
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What was the date the Treaty of Versailles was signed?
28th
June
1919
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What were the main components of the Treaty of Versailles?
Territorial, military, economic,
psychological
terms
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What military restrictions were placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?
Army limited to
100,000
men, no conscription
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What was the economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
Reparations set at
£6.6 billion
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What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles known as?
The
War Guilt Clause
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What territories did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
10%
of land,
1/8
of population
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How did the French public react to the Treaty of Versailles?
Mixed feelings; some thought it too
lenient
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What was Lloyd George's concern regarding the reparations imposed on Germany?
It would lead to
less German trade
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What was Wilson's view on the League of Nations?
He was
pleased
with
its
creation
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Why did the U.S. Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
Concerns about isolationism and
Article 10
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What was the impact of the U.S. not joining the League of Nations?
It weakened the League significantly
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What were the main aims of the Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference?
Clemenceau
: Punish Germany, maximum reparations
Lloyd George
: Economic stability, prevent communism
Wilson
: Fair peace,
14 points
,
League of Nations
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What were the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Military: Army limited, no conscription
Economic:
£6.6 billion
reparations
Territorial: Loss of
10%
land, colonies as mandates
Psychological:
War Guilt Clause
(Article 231)
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What were the reactions of France, Britain, and the U.S. to the Treaty of Versailles?
France: Mixed; some felt it was too lenient
Britain: Happy with naval supremacy, concerned about reparations
U.S.: Pleased with
League
, unhappy with ignored points
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What were the territorial losses for Germany after the Treaty of Versailles?
Memel
to Lithuania
Upper Silesia
to Poland
Alsace-Lorraine
to France
Danzig
as a free city
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How did Americans feel about the Treaty of Versailles?
They felt it was
harsh
and
unfair
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What was a major concern regarding Article 10 of the Treaty of Versailles?
It could force the
U.S.
to protect other countries
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What was required for the U.S. Senate to ratify an international treaty?
A
two-thirds
approval from the Senate
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What was the consequence of the U.S. not ratifying the Treaty of Versailles?
The U.S. could not join the
League of Nations
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How did the absence of the U.S. affect the League of Nations?
It significantly weakened the League's
effectiveness
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What was Woodrow Wilson's stance on self-determination?
He advocated for it in the
treaty
negotiations
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What were the treaties negotiated after the Paris Peace Conference?
The
Treaty of Saint Germain
, Trianon, Severus, and
Lausanne
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What did the Treaty of Saint Germain address?
It was for
Austria
after
World War I
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When was the Treaty of Saint Germain signed?
10th of September
1919
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What new countries were created from the Treaty of Saint Germain?
Czechoslovakia
and
Yugoslavia
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What was the limit placed on Austria's army by the Treaty of Saint Germain?
30,000
men
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What economic challenges did Austria face after World War I?
It economically collapsed in
1921
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How did Austria pay reparations after its economic collapse?
With
animals
like
cows
and
bulls
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What was forbidden for Austria by the Treaty of Saint Germain?
To unite with
Germany
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What was the Treaty of Neuilly about?
It was for
Bulgaria
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When was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?
27th of
September
1919
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What land did Bulgaria lose according to the Treaty of Neuilly?
Western Thrace
and
Southern Dobruja
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What was the limit placed on Bulgaria's army by the Treaty of Neuilly?
20,000
men
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What reparations did Bulgaria have to pay according to the Treaty of Neuilly?
100 million
pounds
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