All summarised

Cards (278)

  • When did World War One end?
    November 1918
  • What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919?
    To establish terms of peace after WWI
  • Who were the leaders of the Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference?
    France's Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd George
  • What was Clemenceau's main aim regarding Germany?
    To punish Germany for war damages
  • How did Lloyd George's views differ from Clemenceau's?
    Lloyd George wanted economic stability, not harsh punishment
  • What was Woodrow Wilson's main proposal at the conference?
    The 14 points for a fair peace
  • What was the date the Treaty of Versailles was signed?
    28th June 1919
  • What were the main components of the Treaty of Versailles?
    Territorial, military, economic, psychological terms
  • What military restrictions were placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?
    Army limited to 100,000 men, no conscription
  • What was the economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
    Reparations set at £6.6 billion
  • What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles known as?
    The War Guilt Clause
  • What territories did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?
    10% of land, 1/8 of population
  • How did the French public react to the Treaty of Versailles?
    Mixed feelings; some thought it too lenient
  • What was Lloyd George's concern regarding the reparations imposed on Germany?
    It would lead to less German trade
  • What was Wilson's view on the League of Nations?
    He was pleased with its creation
  • Why did the U.S. Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
    Concerns about isolationism and Article 10
  • What was the impact of the U.S. not joining the League of Nations?
    It weakened the League significantly
  • What were the main aims of the Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference?
    • Clemenceau: Punish Germany, maximum reparations
    • Lloyd George: Economic stability, prevent communism
    • Wilson: Fair peace, 14 points, League of Nations
  • What were the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
    • Military: Army limited, no conscription
    • Economic: £6.6 billion reparations
    • Territorial: Loss of 10% land, colonies as mandates
    • Psychological: War Guilt Clause (Article 231)
  • What were the reactions of France, Britain, and the U.S. to the Treaty of Versailles?
    • France: Mixed; some felt it was too lenient
    • Britain: Happy with naval supremacy, concerned about reparations
    • U.S.: Pleased with League, unhappy with ignored points
  • What were the territorial losses for Germany after the Treaty of Versailles?
    • Memel to Lithuania
    • Upper Silesia to Poland
    • Alsace-Lorraine to France
    • Danzig as a free city
  • How did Americans feel about the Treaty of Versailles?
    They felt it was harsh and unfair
  • What was a major concern regarding Article 10 of the Treaty of Versailles?
    It could force the U.S. to protect other countries
  • What was required for the U.S. Senate to ratify an international treaty?
    A two-thirds approval from the Senate
  • What was the consequence of the U.S. not ratifying the Treaty of Versailles?
    The U.S. could not join the League of Nations
  • How did the absence of the U.S. affect the League of Nations?
    It significantly weakened the League's effectiveness
  • What was Woodrow Wilson's stance on self-determination?
    He advocated for it in the treaty negotiations
  • What were the treaties negotiated after the Paris Peace Conference?
    The Treaty of Saint Germain, Trianon, Severus, and Lausanne
  • What did the Treaty of Saint Germain address?
    It was for Austria after World War I
  • When was the Treaty of Saint Germain signed?
    10th of September 1919
  • What new countries were created from the Treaty of Saint Germain?
    Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
  • What was the limit placed on Austria's army by the Treaty of Saint Germain?
    30,000 men
  • What economic challenges did Austria face after World War I?
    It economically collapsed in 1921
  • How did Austria pay reparations after its economic collapse?
    With animals like cows and bulls
  • What was forbidden for Austria by the Treaty of Saint Germain?
    To unite with Germany
  • What was the Treaty of Neuilly about?
    It was for Bulgaria
  • When was the Treaty of Neuilly signed?
    27th of September 1919
  • What land did Bulgaria lose according to the Treaty of Neuilly?
    Western Thrace and Southern Dobruja
  • What was the limit placed on Bulgaria's army by the Treaty of Neuilly?
    20,000 men
  • What reparations did Bulgaria have to pay according to the Treaty of Neuilly?
    100 million pounds