Peripheral Neuropathies

• Mononeuropathy


  Some metabolic /endocrine causes can have bilaterally symmetrical mononeuropathies
• Mononeuropathy examples


  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with diabetes mellitus
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with hypothyroidian
• Upper Limb Mononeuropathies


  • Carpal Tunnel
  • Cubital Tunnel
  • Dronator Teres
  • Posterior interesseave syndromes
• Lower Limb Mononeuropathies


  • Piriformis syndrome
  • Peroneal tunnel syndrome at fibular head
  • Tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Non-Mechanical Causes of Mononeuropathy

  • Schwannoma
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hypothyroidion
  • Connective tissue disease
  • Acromegaly
• Mononeuropathy Multiplex


  More than 2 usually inflammatory atonal mononeuropathies typically in unrelated regions of the body = multifocal neuropathy
• Causes of Mononeuropathy Multiplex

  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Blood Vessel Disease
  • Connective Tissue Disease, e.g. RA
• Polyneuropathy


  Systemic process affecting multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously in a symmetrical pattern
• Classifications of Polyneuropathy


  • Mode of onset (acute, subacute + chronic)
  • Functional disturbance (motor, sensors, autonomic, mixed)
  • Pathological process (axonal, demyelinating)
  • Causation (inflammation, vascular, metabolic, endocrine etc)
  • Distribution
• Distal Polyneuropathy Causes


  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Alcoholism
  • B12 deficiency
• Proximal to Distal Polyneuropathy Causes


  • Guillain-Barré
  • Chronic inflammatory demyelination neuropathy