Rizal 1

• Claro M. Recto


  Feb 8, 1890 – Oct 2, 1960, Tigong, Tayabas (Quezon)
• Claro M. Recto's actions

  1. Filed Senate Bill No. 438

  2. Bill sponsored by Jose P. Laurel in the Committee on Education
• Groups opposing the bill

  • Catholic Action of the Mission
  • Congregation of the Missions
  • Knight of Columbus
  • Catholic Teachers
• Progression of the bill

  1. Identical version filed as House Bill No. 5561 by Jacobo Z. Gonzales

  2. Jose P. Laurel proposed amendments to remove compulsory reading and add other Rizal's works

  3. President Ramon Magsaysay signed the bill into law
• Rizal Law (Republic Act No. 1425)


  Mandates the teaching of Rizal's life and works, particularly the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, in public and private schools
• Provisions of the Rizal Law

  • Section 1: Requires teaching of Rizal's life and works, particularly Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
  • Section 2: Requires availability of original editions and English translations of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in schools
  • Section 3: Requires translations to English, Tagalog, and other dialects, and distribution at low cost or for free
  • Section 4: Prohibits discussion of religious doctrines
  • Section 5: Allocates 300,000 pesos for implementation
• Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) argued


  The law violates Canon Law 1399 by publishing books that directly attack church teachings
• Senators against the bill

  • Francisco Rodrigo
  • Mariano J. Cuenco
  • Decoroso Rosales
• Taft Commission


  Formed in 1901 to select a national hero
• Criteria for selecting a national hero

  • Deceased
  • Filipino citizen
  • Patriotic
  • Gentle in spirit
• Filipino members of the commission

  • Cayetano Arellano
  • Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
  • Jose Luzuriaga
  • Gregorio Araneta
• American members of the commission

  • Bernard Moses
  • Clay Ide
  • W. Morgan Shuster
  • Dean Worcester
• Candidates for national hero

  • Jose Rizal
  • Marcelo H. Del Pilar
  • Antonio Luna
  • Graciano Lopez
  • Emilio Jacinto
  • Andres Bonifacio
• Reasons why Jose Rizal was chosen

  • Rizal aroused Filipino sentiment through Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
  • Filipinos preferred a more gentle hero
  • Filipinos were seen as sentimental
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Rizal in Dapitan
• Bayani (hero)


  Derived from Austronesian 'Bagani' (fearless), Javanese 'Pagtulong at kahusayan' (help and excellence), and Malay 'berani' (brave)
• Daily tasks of traditional bayani included 'pangangayaw' (raiding for resources, slaves, revenge, or fame)
• Modern 'pangangayaw' includes OFW, police, and health-related jobs