Science quarter exam

• Sound is a longitudinal wave that is created by vibrating objects. It is a mechanical wave that requires a medium to propagate. It cannot travel in a vacuum. Sound travels the fastest in solid because of the arrangement and spacing of its particles
• Pitch


  The highness and lowness of a sound. It depends on the frequency of the sound produced by an object. The higher the frequency the higher the pitch of the sound.
• Frequency ranges


  • Audible frequencies: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
  • Ultrasonic Frequencies: above 20,000 Hz
  • Infrasonic Frequencies: below 20 Hz
• Loudness


  How soft or how loud sound is. It can be determined by the amplitude of the sound waves. The higher the amplitude the larger the energy the higher the intensity
• Light is an electromagnetic wave and does not need a medium to propagate. It travels in a straight path.
• Dispersion


  A phenomenon in which a prism separates white light into its component colors. The component colors are Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet.
• Intensity of light


  Depends on the amount of light that pass a certain area. The intensity or brightness of light depends on the wave's amplitude. The higher the amplitude the brighter the light.
• Color of light


  Depends on the frequency or wavelength of the radiation that reaches the eye. As the wavelength increases the frequency decreases. Red has the longest wavelength but the lowest frequency. Violet has the shortest wavelength but the highest frequency.
• Heat


  The form of energy that is transferred from the high-temperature system to the low-temperature system.
• Temperature


  Refers to the degree of "hotness" or "coldness" of an object.
• Conduction


  The transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact.
• Convection


  The process by which heat is transferred by the movement of a heated fluid such as air or water.
• Radiation


  A method where heat energy travels in a space without contact between the heat source and the heated object.
• Charging by Friction


  When two materials are rubbed together, some electrons may be transferred from one material to the other, leaving them both with a net electric charge. The material that lost electrons becomes positively charged, while the material that gained electrons becomes negatively-charged.
• Charging by Conduction


  Charging by conduction involves the contact of a charged object to a neutral object. It involves making the physical connection of the charged object to the neutral object.
• Charging by Induction


  Induction is a process that does not involve contact between the neutral body and the charging body. The neutral body is just brought very near by the charging body. The acquired charge is opposite that of the charging body.
• Sound wave


  Longitudinal and mechanical
• Amplitude


  Maximum distance the particles in a medium move from their rest positions as the wave passes through the medium
• Light travels in a straight line through a material
• Wavelength and frequency of light

  • Red has the longest wavelength but the lowest frequency
  • Violet has the shortest wavelength but the highest frequency
• Conduction


  Transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact
• Radiation


  Method where heat energy travels in a space without contact between the heat source and the heated object
• Convection


  Process by which heat is transferred by the movement of a heated fluid such as air or water
• Charging by friction


  When two materials are rubbed together, some electrons may be transferred from one material to the other, leaving them both with a net electric charge
• Solar eclipse occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth
• Lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is between the sun and moon
• Compass


  Magnetometer used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions
• Globe


  Three-dimensional model that can be subdivided with imaginary lines called Latitude and Longitude
• Latitudes


  Horizontal lines on a globe that run from east to west
• Longitudes


  Vertical lines on a globe that run from north to south
• Equator


  Horizontal line designated as zero-degree (0°) latitude and divides the globe into Northern and Southern hemispheres
• Causes of the problems in the atmosphere
• Importance and Ways on how to protect and conserve natural resources