genbio quiz hahaha

• kingdom protista- also known as the junk drawer or catchall kingdom
• conjugation- a process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
• ways to reproduce protists

  
  

  • asexually- binary fission or multiple fission
  • sexually- conjugation
• protist- animal-like protists are called protozoa (singular, protozoan)
• protozoans move by

  • cilia or flagella
  • cytoplasm- containing extensions called pseudopodia
• three main groups of protists

  • animal-like
  • plant-like
  • fungus-like
• Other protists are plantlike autotrophs, using photosynthesis to make their food.
• plantlike protists are called algae (singular, alga).
• Unlike plants, algae do not have organs such as roots, stems, and leaves
• Some protists cause diseases, such as malaria and sleeping sickness, that result in millions of human deaths throughout the world every year
• four phylums of animal-like protists

  • phylum sarcodina
  • cilophora
  • zoomastigina
  • sporozoa
• Most common protist in sarcodina- amoeba
• amoeba moves with false feet
• phylum sarcodina has pseudopods
• two other types of sarcodina

  • foraminifera
  • radiolarians
• amoebas have no cell wall and form pseudopodia to feed
• Most amoebas commonly reproduce by asexual reproduction, in which a single parent produces one or more identical offspring by dividing into two cells
• Foraminiferans, which are abundant on the sea floor, have hard shells made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
• Radiolarians have shells made of silica (SiO2)
• In addition, radiolarians are an important part of marine plankton—an assortment of microscopic organisms that float in the ocean’s photic zone and form the base of marine food chains
• phylum Cliophora is known as Ciliates
• cliophora moves w/cilia
• most common genus of cliophora- Paramecium
• phylum cliophora uses trichocysts for defense
• parts of paramecium

  • Pellicle- outer cover of cell
  • Trichocysts- harpoon like structure used for defense
  • Macronucleus- Metabolic rate / development
  • Micronucleus- genetic information
  • Gullet- mouth opens into it
  • Anal pore- release of waste
  • Anal pore-release of waste
  • Contractile Vacuole- pumps out excess water
• Vector - an organism that can carry a parasite, and is responsible for infecting other organisms (host) with that parasite
• Phylum Zoomastigina

  • zooflagellates
  • move w/flagella
  • transported by blood sucking insects.
• –Genus Trypanosoma

  • African Sleeping Sickness - African trypanosomiasis transmitted by the tsetse fly.
  • Increasing fever, lethargy, mental deterioration, coma
  • Only found in Africa
• Chagas Disease – Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted by the kissing bug. Causes fever and heart damage
• Leshmanaiasis - Leishimania donovani transmitted by sand flies.  Causes blood disease, disfiguring skin sores & can be fatal.
• Giardiasis – Giardia lamblia transmitted by infected animals into water.  Causes severe diarrhea & intestinal cramps.
• Phylum Sporazoa

  • sporazoans
  • parasites
• Genus Plasmodium

  • toxoplasmosis – feces of rodents, birds, & cats
• Malaria

  • Anopheles female mosquito
  • treated w/quinine
• Photosynthesizing protists are called algae.
• All algae contain up to four kinds of chlorophyll as well as other photosynthetic pigments. These pigments produce a variety of colors in algae, including purple, rusty-red, olive-brown, yellow, and golden-brown, and are a way of classifying algae into groups.
• The photosynthesizing unicellular protists, known as phytoplankton are so numerous that they are one of the major producers of nutrients and oxygen in aquatic ecosystems in the world.
• Algae are classified into six phyla
• Three of these phyla — the euglenoids, diatoms, and dinoflagellates—include only unicellular species
• •In the other three phyla, which are the green, red, and brown algae, most species are multicellular.