RTE

• Listening


  A significant language skill to develop in second language learning
• Despite its importance, language learners consider listening as the most difficult language skill to learn
• In the Philippines, English is classified as a secondary language
• Students with good listening comprehension skills are better able to participate effectively in class
• Hearing


  Passive, refers to the act of perceiving sound through the ear, does not require conscious effort, involuntary
• Listening


  Active, refers to the act of making conscious effort to perceive the sound, voluntary
• Listening is something we consciously choose to do. It requires concentration so that your brain processes meaning from words and sentences
• Listening comprehension


  An interactive process in which listeners interact with the text. It lays the foundation for children to later be able to understand what they read, and communicate with others what they read
• Factors affecting student's listening comprehension

  • Internal factors
  • External factors
• Internal factors


  • Problem in language proficiency
  • Poor background knowledge
  • Lack of motivation to listen
  • Psychological factors (self-esteem, motivation, self efficacy, anxiety)
  • Other internal factors (age, attention span, memory span)
• External factors


  • Speed of delivery and different accents of the speakers
  • The content and task of listening materials
  • Co-text - another major factor influencing the interpretation of meaning
• How to improve student's listening comprehension

  1. Teach pronunciation, stress, and intonation of the critical sounds of English

  2. Practice sound discrimination, and liaisons

  3. Recognize stressed and unstressed words

  4. Enrich vocabulary

  5. Teach grammar

  6. Practice inferring information not directly stated

  7. Improve skills in predicting

  8. Teach note-taking skills
• Speaking


  A language skill or a mean of communication in which people can express his/her idea or information to others in spoken form
• What makes speaking difficult

  • Redundancy - repetition of word or phrase that does not add anything to the previous meaning
  • Reduced Forms - emissions, reduced vowels in teaching spoken English
  • Interaction
• Techniques and practice materials in teaching pronunciation in speaking classes

  • Listen and imitate
  • Phonetic training
  • Visual Aids
  • Tongue twisters
  • Reading aloud
  • Recording of learners' production
• Talking to second language learners in the beginning level

  • Speak at standard speed
  • Use more gestures, movement and facial expressions
  • Be careful with fused forms
  • Use shorter, simpler sentences
  • Use specific names instead of pronouns