anatomy study guide 04.23.24

• What is the nervous system responsible for?

  detecting stimuli and initiating a response
• what are the nervous systems major functions?

  sensory, integrative, and motor function
• What does SAME stand for?


  S-sensory

  A-afferent

  M-motor

  E-efferent
• What are the nervous system divisions?

  Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• What is the peripheral nervous system consist of?

  cranial nerves and spinal nerves
• What does the central nervous system consist of?

  brain and spinal cord
• what does the CNS do?

  Different pieces of sensory information are integrated and thoughts/ emotions are generated
• where do the muscle and gland impulses originate

  Cranial Nervous System (CNS)
• what does sensory function do?

  senses both internal and external changes.
• what does motor function do?

  Response to stimuli
• what does integrative function do?

  Analyzes and stores sensory information and makes decisions for appropriate behaviors
• what is a soma?

  cell body of a neuron
• What is a neurotransmitter?


  a chemical that works with electrical signals that takes info from the nervous system
• Do slow signals exist?

  no, signals fire as fast as they can or not at all
• where is the neurotransmitter located?

  both CNS and PNS in the axon terminal
• what is the neurotransmitter that works in the muscle?

  acetylcholine
• what is myelin?

  a membrane that protects the nerves
• what is a disorder caused by myelin deteoriating?

  Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• what happens when the myelin deteoriates?

  decision making takes longer
• where does information enter?

  dendrites
• where does information leave?

  single axon
• do thicker nerves move information faster than thinner nerves?

  yes
• what is a nerve impulse?

  combination of chemical and electrical signals
• How many axons does a neuron have?

  one
• what does an axon do?


  conducts nerve impulses from the neuron to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron or effector organ
• What is an action potential?


  An impulse that travels along a nerve and allows the signal to be transmitted to the organ
• what do impulse speed depend on?

  on the diameter of the fiber and whether it is myelinated
• what are common neurotransmitters?

  Acetylcholine, dopamine epinepherine
• name the 3 parts of a neuron

  cell body, dendrites, axon
• What is the all or nothing principle?

  If an AP impulse is generated it will be at constant and maximum strength.
• What direction does efferent nerves travel?

  away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body in order to initiate an action
• what is the function of dendrites?

  receives chemical messages from other neurons
• Which different do afferent nerves travel?

  towards the central nervous system
• What is the function of PNS?

  relays information between the CNS and the rest of the body
• Where is the integrative located?

  In the CNS