DNA replication

• Nucleic acid - carries genetic information
• Nucleotides - building block (monomer) of nucleic acids - a. phosphate groups b. Sugar (deoxyribose) c. Nitrogenous bases
• Nitrogenous bases - nitrogenous compounds that form an important part of the nucleotides
• Purines - two-carbon nitrogen ring bases
• Pyrimidines - one-carbon nitrogen ring bases
• A DNA molecule is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded
• Parts of DNA

  A) phosphate

  B) phosphodiester bond

  C) nitrogenous base

  D) hydrogen bond

  E) deoxyribose sugar

  F) nucleotide

  G) base pair or rung

  
• DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell and in the mitochondria
• RNA is found in the cytoplasm, nucleus and in the ribosome
• DNA helicase- breaks the hydrogen bonds in btwn the nucleotides
• DNA primase- adds the new nucleotide to the parent strands / original strands
• DNA polymerase- adds new complimentary base pairs & does proofreading to avoid any mistakes.
• DNA ligase- seals any breaks in the new DNA strands
• Okazaki fragments - formed during discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication