contempo

• refers to the scientific study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population.

  demography
• describe the composition of a population categories such as race, age, marital status, gender, socioeconomic status, and religion

  demographic
• based on a large body of reasonably accurate data

  VITAL STATISTICS and CENSUS
• seek to know the levels and trends in population size and its component.

  Demographers
• they search for explanations of demographic change and their implication for societies Demographers:
• TOOLS OF DEMOGRAPHY

  census.rate.ratio
• reflects the numbers and types of people, classified by characteristics such as age, gender, race and ethnicity.

  Composition of a population
• describes how the population is dispersed geographically

  Population density
• is the extent of reproduction in a society. It is usually expressed in the form of crude birthrate

  Fertility
• is population movement across political boundaries.

  Migration
• FACTORS OD MIGRATION

  PUSH FACTOR AND PULL FACTOR
• is the age at which exactly half the population is older and half is younger.

  MEDIAN AGE
• The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a given population, usually expressed as the number of males for every 100 females.

  SEX RATIO
• in the “dependent” ages (generally under age 15 and over 64) to those in the “economically productive” ages (15-64 years) in population

  AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO
• WHAT ARE THEETHREE GENERAL PROFILES

  RAPID GROWTH .SLOW GROWTH. ZERO GROWTH
• it is the annual number of births per thousand members of a population

  BIRTH RATE
• the actual number of children the average women is bearing.

  FERTILITY
• the potential number of children that could be born by a woman of child-bearing age.

  FECUNDITY
• refers to deaths that occur within a population

  MORTALITY
• the annual number of deaths per thousand members of a population

  DEATH RATE
• the number of years that the average newborn in a particular population can be expected to live

  LIFE EXPECTANCY
• the number of death of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births in a given year

  INFANT MORTALITY RATE
• refers to disease and illness, injuries, and disabilities in a population

  MORBIDITY
• the number of immigrants arriving at a destination per 1,000 population at that destination in a given year

  IMMIGRATION RATE
• refers to the number of emigrants departing an area of origin per 1,000 population at that area of origin in a given year

  EMIGRATION RATE
• When Malthus wrote of the population increase, he had four effects in mind

  CUNSUMPTION EFFECT.PRODUCTION EFFECT.PUBLIC FACILITIES EFFECT. AGE DISTRIBUTION
• is the increase in the proportion of the population living in the urban areas- the process of people living in the urban areas - the process of people moving to cities or other densely settled areas.

  Urbanization
• refers to the patterns of settlement and dispersal of population within a country or other area -population distribution
• is defined as a large concetration of population, usually an area of 100,000 or more people with an important city as its core plus suburban and “ex-urban”

  Metropolitan Area
• is usually expressed as the number of people per unit of land area

  Population Density
• A three-stage process outlines how population is affected as a society makes the transition from being preindustrial to industrial

  PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY, AGRICULTURAL TO INDUSTRIAL,ADVANCE STAGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
• stable population that either does not grow, or grows very slowly

  PRE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
• the death rate begins to fall and there is continuing high birth rate

  AGRICULTURAL TO INDUSTRIAL
• birth rate declines compensating for the low death rate ADVANCE STAGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
• Population growth or decline in a given society is affected by three factors

  :e birth rate, the death rate, and the rate of migration or out of the society.