STATS

• It is a collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data.

  Statistics
• What are the 2 divisions of statistics?

  Descriptive and Inferential
• the totality of methods and treatments employed in the collection,

  description and analysis of numerical data. It is also known as the most important branch.

  Descriptive Statistics
• the logical process from sample analysis to a generalization or

  conclusion about population. It is also called statistical inference or inductive statistics.

  Inferential Statistics
• consists of all the members of the group about which we want to draw conclusion.

  Population
• is a portion, or part, of the population of interest selected for analysis.

  Sample
• What are the two sources of data?

  Primary and Secondary
• data that come from an original source, and are intended to answer specific research questions, can be taken by interview, main-in questionnaire, survey, or experimentation.

  Primary Data
• data that are taken from previously recorded data, such as information in research conducted, industry financial statements, business periodicals, and government reports.

  Secondary Data
• a characteristic of objects, people, or events that does not vary.

  Constant
• a characteristic of objects, people, or events that can take of different values. It can vary in quantity (e.g., weight of people), or in quality (e.g., hair color of people).

  Variable
• What are the two types of variables?

  Qualitative and Quantitative
• A variable that is conceptualized and analyzed as distinct categories, with no continuum implied. Also termed categorical variable; observations that are put in the same or different classes, each class being considered as possessing some common characteristic that is not shared by those in other classes.

  Qualitative Variable
• A variable that is conceptualized and analyzed along a continuum

  implied. It differs in amount of degree. Also termed numerical variable; variates that yield frequencies when counted, giving rise to discrete

  variable or when measured yield metric or continuous variable.

  Quantitative Variable
• What are the two classifications of variable?

  Experimental and Mathematical
• What are the two variables under experimental classification?

  Independent and Dependent
• are variables controlled by the experimenter/researcher, and expected to have an effect on the behavior of the subjects. The independent variable is also called explanatory variable.

  Independent Variable
• is some measure of the behavior of subject and expected to be influenced by the independent variable. The dependent variable is also called outcome variable.

  Dependent Variable
• What are the two variables under mathematical classification?

  Discrete and Continuous
• is a variable which can assume any of an infinite number of values, and can be associated with points on a continuous line interval. with decimal

  Continuous Variable
• is a variable which consist of either a finite number of values or countable number of values.

  Discrete Variable
• What are the 4 levels of measurement?

  Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio
• is mutually exclusive and exhaustive meaning it is used to different

  classes or categories for purely classification or identification purposes. (DISCRETE)

  Nominal
• is used in ranking (DISCRETE)

  Ordinal
• is used to classify order and differentiate between classes or categories in terms of degrees of differences. (DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS)

  Interval
• differs from interval measurement only in one aspect; it has a true zero

  point(complete absence of the attitude being measured). (DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS)

  Ratio
• IS A GROUPING OF THE DATA INTO CATEGORIES SHOWING THE NUMBER OF

  OBSERVATIONS IN EACH OF THE NON-OVERLAPPING CLASSES. ORGANIZATION OF DATA IN TABULAR FORM.

  Frequency Distribution
• is the data collected in original form.

  Raw Data
• is the difference of HV and LV in a distribution.

  Range
• is the highest and lowest values describing a class.

  Class Limits
• is the upper and lower values of a class for group frequency distribution

  whose values has additional decimal place more than the class limits and ends with the digit 5.

  Class Boundaries
• is the distance between the class lower boundary and the class upper boundary and it is denoted by the symbol i.

  Interval
• is the number values in a specific class of a frequency distribution.

  Frequency
• is the value obtained when the frequencies in each class of the frequency distribution id divided by the total number of values.

  Relative Frequency
• is obtained by multiplying the relative frequency by 100%.

  Percentage
• is the sum of the frequencies accumulated up to the upper boundary of a class in a frequency distribution.

  Cumulative Frequency
• is the point halfway between the class limits of each class and is representative of the data within that class.

  Midpoint
• It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a random event or chance.

  Probability
• the result of a single trial of a probability experiment.

  Outcome
• a collection or a set of possible outcomes of a random experiment.

  Sample Space