science wa2

• ionic bonding = metal and nonmetal
• covalent bonding = nonmetal and nonmetal
• ionic bonding -> metal transfer to nonmetal, metal-> cation, nonmetal-> anion

  strong forces of attraction between these oppositely charged ions result in them being tgt.
• which (ionic/covalent) compound has prefix? (monoditritetrapenta)

  covalent.
• ammonium: NH4(+)
• hydroxide- OH(-)
• carbonate - CO3 (2-)
• sulfate - SO4(2-)
• nitric acid - HNO3
• ethanoic acid - CH3COOH
• sulphuric acid - H2SO4
• phosphoric acid - H3PO4
• hydrofluoric acid - HF
• acids turn universal indicator: red/orange

  turn BLUE litmus paper: red
• bubbling = effervescence
• copper, silver and gold do not react with acids
• Zinc(Zn): valency of 2 only (2+)
• Silver(Ag): valency of 1 only (+)
• Lead(Pb): valency of 2 or 4 .
• exo - release heat (heat up)

  endo - absorb heat (cool down)
• nitrate - NO3 (-)
• nitrogen dioxide - NO2