physics

• What is the fundamental frequency?

  The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform
• What is the node?

  a point at the stationary wave where the amplitude is 0.
• what is the antinode?

  The point of a stationary wave where the amplitude is at maximum
• What is the principle of superpostion of waves?

  When two waves meet, the resultant displacement is the vector sum of the displacements of the individual waves.
• What is interference of waves?


  When two or more waves overlap to produce a new wave pattern
• What is coherence in waves?

  when two waves leave the same wavelength and they maintain a fixed phase relationship.
• What is the path difference?

  Path difference is the difference in the distances that two waves must travel from their sources to a specific point.
• What is the phase difference?

  When two waves move and their cycles do not coincide (To occupy the same relative position or the same area in space).
• What is constructive interference?

  When two waves combine to create a larger amplitude.
• What happens when the current increases in a resistor? 


  The potential difference increases proportionally
• What is the equation for the area in a wire?


  Pie r^2
• define potential difference 


  the difference in energy that charge carriers have between two points in a circuit.
• What is internal resistance?

  the opposition to the flow of current offered by the cells and batteries themselves, resulting in the generation of heat.
• What is newton's first law of motion?


  A body will remain at rest or keep travelling at constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant/net (external) force.
• What is newton's second law of motion?

  the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it.
• What is newton's third law? 


  For every force exerted on an object the same force is exerted in equal magnitude but in an opposite direction.
• The I/V graph for a diode

  current can only travel in one direction

  
• The I/V graph for a filament lamp

  The resistance of the lamp increases as the temperature in the lamp increases.

  
• what is instantaneous speed?


  Magnitude of the instantaneous velocity of an object at a specific point in time.
• 1. Set up two light gates, one at the starting point and one at the ending point, with a known distance between them.
  2. Release an object, such as a ball or a card, from rest at the starting point and allow it to fall under the force of gravity.
  3. Measure the time it takes for the object to pass through each light gate using a timer or a data logging system.
  4. Calculate the velocity of the object at each light gate using suvat equations.
  5. Repeat the experiment multiple times to ensure accurate results and calculate the mean value of g.
• What is a transverse wave?


  motion in which all points on a wave oscillate along paths at right angles to the direction of the wave’s advance.
• What is refraction?


  The change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed.
• What is diffraction?


  The bending of waves around an obstacle or through a narrow opening.
• • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared (IR) radiation
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
• What is a polarised wave?

  a type of electromagnetic wave where the electric field vibrates in a single plane
• Can you describe the conditions needed for total internal reflection to occur?

  • The light must travel in a change in medium.


  This means that the refractive index of the denser medium must be greater than the refractive index of the rarer medium.

  • The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle. The critical angle is the angle at which the angle of refraction becomes 90 degrees, and it depends on the refractive indices of the two media.
• What is an electronvolt?


  The energy acquired by an electron when it passes through a potential difference of 1v.
• why does the photoelectric effect occur?


  when a photon of sufficient energy to release a photoelectron from a metal surface.
• What nature of an EM radiation does the photoelectric show?


  particulate nature.
• What is the work function?

  The minimum amount of energy required to release an electron from the surface of a metal.
• What is the threshold frequency?


  The minimum photon frequency required to release a photon from the surface of a metal.
• What will happen if the energy of a photon is higher than the work function?


  An electron will be emitted from the surface of the metal.
• What will happen if the energy of a photon is lower than the work function?

  No electrons will be emitted.
• there is a one to one interaction between what?

  the photon and electron.
• What conclusions can be made about the golden leaf experiment?

  1. The emissions of photons depends only on the frequency of the light, not the intensity.
  2. The electron emission is almost instantaneous, therefore, proving that EM radiation has particle nature.
  3. There is an 1:1 interaction between photons and electrons.
• What happens when we shine visible light on to the golden leaf?


  No electrons will be emitted due to the photons not having more energy than the work function.
• What will happen when you shine an UV light on the golden leaf?


  Electrons will be emitted because the energy of the photons is greater than the work function.
• What is the centre of gravity?


  An imaginary point of an object at which gravity acts upon it.
• What is archimedes principle?

  The upthrust acting on a body submerged in a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid that has been displaced.
• What are some ways you can make your results more accurate in the young modulus experiment?

  Length as long as possible to reduce %unc.

  Area - measure 3 + times at different points + find average diameter.

  Change in L fiducial marker + ruler to measure change in L + decrease parallax error.