Reviewer trends

• Democracy


  Government "ruled by the people"
• Kratus


  Power or rule
• Abraham Lincoln: 'Democracy is "Government by the people of the people, and for the people."'
• "By the People"


  Those who choose the officials who make up the government
• "Of the People"


  The composition of the government which is made up of the people
• Purpose of Government Intervention


  • Taxes and subsidies
  • Maximum and Minimum Prices
  • Regulating the market
  • State ownership/ State Funding and Provision
• 6 Fundamental Elements of Modern Democracy


  • Rule of law
  • Separation of Powers
  • Basic Rights and Freedom
  • Suffrage
  • Freedom of Speech
  • Pluralism
• Rule of law


  Ensures that the rights and freedom of citizens are protected. Equal in the eyes of the law, and no one is above the law
• Separation of Powers


  • Powers are distributed among Executive, Legislative, and the Judiciary. Executive Implements the laws, Ensures the laws, and Carries out the laws. Legislative Makes laws Judiciary Settle legal disputes. (Supreme Court)
• Basic Rights and Freedom

  • Human rights
  • Civil Rights
  • Political Rights
  • Other rights from rule of law (Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, and Freedom of Association)
• Suffrage


  Every Citizen within the recognized legal age, has the right to participate in elections by casting a vote regardless of sex, religion
• Freedom of Speech


  Ensures that the citizens are able to voice out their agreements, disagreements, affirmations, criticism and proposal to their government
• Libel


  A crime broadly characterized by maliciously publishing an article or write up that may be detrimental to a person's character or may cause dishonor
• Oral Defamation


  Someone telling lies about you
• Direct Democracy/Pure Democracy


  • Citizens come together to decide on issues or pass laws through a vote. Considered as ideal democracy, every single person is able to participate in the voting process and it ensures that the will of the people is really followed. Being practiced in the Cantons of Switzerland Philippines, practiced in provisions of the constitution (initiative and)
• Indirect Democracy democracy/Representative


  • People elect leaders to act as their representative in the government. Citizens vote the members of the executive and legislatives.
• Four DIMENSIONS of Democracy

  • The People
  • Equality
  • Common Good
  • Representation
• The People


  A collective group of individuals with varying political and religious beliefs who freely decided to live together in a particular geographical area and mutually consented to form a democratic nation. Citizens of the nation wherein these citizens are regarded as equals.
• Equality


  We are equal in the eyes of the law (morally equal), not necessarily because we are naturally equal in every respect, but because we have to be placed in a status of equality so that we may be governed fairly and receive the equal protection of the law (legal equality)
• Common Good

  What is good for the people. Every action should be done is for the well-being of the people and not for their personal well-being nor for the benefit of a particular majority.
• Representation


  The use of representatives the ones who are authorized to take appropriate and necessary actions within the gov't that would be beneficial for the common good of the people.
• There is an increase disenchantment of the state of society in our globalized world. In a study about democratic participation in different countries in the globe, 44 out of 47 countries that took part in the study asserted that the conditions of a good society were not met (Barry Knight: 2002)
• Pluralism


  People are entitled to diverse beliefs and opinions, which may result in the becoming part of different organizations with varying thrust and advocacies.
• Information Communication Technology (ICT)


  A technology is required for information distribution that uses software programs, electronics, and communication devices to transform, store, protect, process, and send information.
• Information


  Facts discovered by reading, research, study, or analysis. It enables us to accomplish everyday goals and make decisions.
• Information transmission devices


  • Telephone
  • Television
  • Radio
• Communication


  Message transmission is a key component of communication. It is a communication approach that involves employing signs, symbols, or vocal exchanges to get information between people.
• Technology


  Includes tools, processes, and devices that were created through research and experimentation.
• Innovation


  The introduction of a new concept, procedure, or tool, such as a desktop computer or laptop.
• Aiding Communication


  • Telephone
  • Fax machines
• Spreading Communication


  • Radio
  • Television
  • Satellites
  • World Wide Web (www)
• Sumerians developed cuneiform writing


  3500 BC
• The first printing began with the creation of the printing machine


  1954
• Telegraph line was invented


  1793
• Computer was created


  1941
• Phoenicians developed the alphabet


  1500 BC
• Paper invented by Tsai Lum of China


  105 BC
• The first telephone was introduced


  1876
• Television was made known to public


  1925
• Communication satellite was introduced


  1963