Hubs1420 - Terminology in Biomed

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Cards (118)

  • 4 Key Classes molecules in biochemistry are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
  • Lipids are oily molecules that comprise the cell membrane and made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
  • Carbohydrates are sugars and glycans that store and provide structure and are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Nuclei acids are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They encode and translate biological info
  • A protein molecule is made of long chains of amino acids, each linked to through covalent peptide bond. Therefore known as polypeptides Each type of protein has a unique sequence of amino acids, exactly the same from one molecule to the next. The role of proteins include structural roles, functional roles and catalysis.
  • Protein
    -peptide or prote-
  • Chains of molecules

    poly- (many)
  • Enzymes
    catalyse chemical reactions, ends in -ase
  • Proteins are polypeptides- Each type of protein has a unique sequence of amino acids, exactly the same from one molecule to the next.
  • The role of proteins include structural roles, functional roles and catalysis.
  • Enzymes are types of proteins and are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions inside cells.
  • Terms for Enzymes
    • often ends in 'ase'
  • 5 examples of Enzymes
    1. Transferase : transfers a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate )
    2. Kinase : Adds phosphate groups (phosphorylation)
    3. Polymerase: e.g. DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase
    4. Protease: catalyses proteolysis (breakdown of large proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids)
    5. Lipase: breaks down triglycerides (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol (lip/o= relating to fat or other lipids)
  • Polysaccharides are long chain (polymeric) carbohydrates
    e.g. starch, cellulose
  • Monosaccharides are building blocks of polysaccharides e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose
  • Anticoagulant
    One that opposes clotting
    A treatment or drug given to reduce blood clotting
  • cytology
    The study of cells
    Can also be a type of test- e.g. one used to diagnose cancer
  • Erythroblast
    An immature red blood cell
    Developing in bone marrow
  • Haemolysis
    Breakdown of red blood cells
  • haematoma
    A collection of blood outside a vessel - Bruises
  • acute myeloid leukaemia
    Severe condition of white blood cells derived from the bone marrow
    Type of cancer that affects blood and bone marrow- usually overproduction of immature leukocytes
  • Thrombocytopenia
    Condition of low count of thrombocytes (platelets)
  • Haematopoiesis
    Formation of blood cells (from stem cells)
  • Phagocytosis
    Process by which phagocytes (eating cells) engulfing a particular microbe e.g. macrophage (big eater)