fhs week 1 reviewer

• Anatomy


  The science of the structure of the body
• Anatome


  A term built from ana, meaning "up," and tome, meaning "a cutting"
• Dissection


  The Latin equivalent of the Greek anatome, meaning "asunder" and "to cut"
• Anatomical Position


  A common visual reference point where body is standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward, upper limbs held out to each side, and palms of the hands facing forward

  
• Directional Terms


  Describe the positions of structures relative to other structures or locations in the body
• Directional Terms


  • The ears are lateral to the nose
• Superior (cranial)


  • Structures being closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body
• Inferior (caudal)


  • Structures being closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body
• Superior and Inferior


  • The neck is superior to the chest
  • The chest is inferior to the neck
• Anterior


  • A structure being more in front than another structure
• Posterior


  • A structure being more in back than another structure
• Anterior and Posterior


  • The toes are anterior to the heel of the foot
  • The heel is posterior to the toes of the foot
• Dorsal


  • The back side
• Ventral


  • The frontal
• Dorsal and Ventral


  • The kneecap is located on the ventral side of the leg
  • The shoulder blades are located on the dorsal side of the body
• Lateral


  • Closer to the sides of the body (toward the arms)
• Medial


  • Parts toward the middle of the body
• Lateral and Medial


  • The middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot
  • The little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot

  
• Proximal


  • A structure being closer to the root of the limb than another structure in that limb
• Distal


  • A structure being further away to the root of the limb than another structure in that limb
• Proximal and Distal


  • The hand is distal to the elbow
  • The elbow is proximal to the hand
• Deep


  • Structures close to the interior center of the body
• Superficial


  • Structures closer to the exterior surface of the body
• Deep and Superficial


  • The skin is superficial to the muscles
  • The muscles are deep to the skin
• Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)


  Divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions
• Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)


  Divides the body into right and left sides
• Axial Plane (Transverse Plane)


  Divides the body into upper and lower parts
• Prone


  Lying face down
• Supine


  Lying face up
• Unilateral


  Pertaining to one side of the body
• Bilateral


  Pertaining to both sides of the body
• Lateral Position


  Patient lies on the side of the body with top leg over the bottom leg
• Sims Position


  Patient lies between supine and prone with legs flexed in front of the patient
• Semi-Fowler's Position


  Patient's head is placed at a 30-degree angle
• Fowler's Position


  Patient's head is placed 45-degree angle
• Trendelenburg Position


  Placed the head of the bed lower than the feet to help promote venous return to major organs such as the head and heart
• Flexion


  Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two joints
• Extension


  Straightening joint or increasing the angle between two joints
• Hyperextension


  Excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position
• Adduction


  Moving a body part towards the midline of the body