BIO 2

• asexual reproductio- does not involve gametes
• Chemical replication- lowest level reproduction
• Asexual reproduction- identical to its parents/ reproduction of new individuals
• Unicellular organisms- asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction- make copies of themselves
• Multicellular organisms- sexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction- involves fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
• Fertilization-fusion of nuclei of male and female gamets
• vegative reproduction- plants that undergoes asexual reproduction called as
• spore formation- how do feen reproduce
• Unisexual plants- flower that contains either male of female parts
• Androecium/stamen- male reproductive organs
• Filament and anther- consist of androecium
• Pollen grains-contain gametes
• Plants -ability to manufacture its own food
• Animals- must procure external supplies pf sugar or other compound of energy
• Autotrophs- can manufacture its own nutrients by synthesizing inorganic materials
• Photoautotrophic & chemoautotrophic- two types mo autotrophs
• photoautotrophic- direct use the energy from the sun and other inorganic subtances such as carbon dioxide
• photoautotrophs- have chlorophyll and other equivalent pigments that allow them to capture light energy
• plants and bacteria -example of photoautotrophic
• Chemoautotrophic- uses chemical to create simpler organic substances important to their survival
• Chemoautotrophic-most bacteria and member of the group archaea
• Chemoautotrophic- common inorganic subtances synthesized bu chemoautotrophs include hydrogen sulphide sulfur and amonia
• Heterotrophs- organism that cannot make their own food and obtain energy
• Parasitic nutrition- they depend on other plants and animals for nutrition
• Parasitic organism- live on or inside other living organisms called hosts and obtain their food from them
• Ectoparasitism-happens when the parasite is outside the body of the host
• Endoparasitism- parasitism that occurs within the body of the host
• Insectivorous nutrition- insects are the main food source for many animals
• Saprophytic nutrition- is derive nutrition from dead and decaying plants and animals
• Holozoic-organism ingest solid or liquid foof
• Herbivorous- organisms that take in only plats as source of theur energy ex sheep rabbit cow
• Carnivorous- organisms that eat other animals
• Omnivorous- organisms that take both plants and animals
• water and carbon dioxide- raw materials needed for photosynthesis
• Macronutrients- normally required in amounts above 0.5% of body weight
• Micronutrients-required in minutes or trace amounts
• Symplast route- throug which water and minerals move through plasmodesmata
• Apoplast route- along cell wall