Lesson 3 medterm (part2)

• Repair


  1. Body is damaged

  2. Repair or replace the cell

  3. Continue normal functions
• Regeneration


  The body makes more cells to replace the damaged cells, keeping the organ or tissue healthy and fully functional
• Replacement


  When the body can't be regenerated, it will replace it with stromal connective tissue to maintain tissue or organ function
• Acromegaly


  • Overproduction of growth hormones by the anterior pituitary gland
  • Causes excessive growth
• Gigantism


  • Onset in infancy
  • Continuous growth before puberty
  • Excessive growth up to 8-9 feet
  • Enlargement of organs
• Acromegaly


  • Onset at age 25-50
  • Slower growth onset after puberty
  • Increase in size of hands, feet, lower jaw
  • Skin becomes thick
• Growth hormone deficiency (GHD)


  • Also known as dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism
  • Caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in the body
• Atherosclerosis


  • Hardening of the arteries
  • Caused by diet high in fat
  • Leads to high blood pressure
• Myocardial infarction (MI)


  • The technical term for a heart attack
  • Occurs when the blood supply is cut off from the heart, often by a blood clot
• Mitral valve prolapse


  • The mitral valve bulges out or prolapses because it does not close evenly
  • Pumps freshly oxygenated blood out of the heart to the rest of the body
• Mitral valve regurgitation


  • The mitral valve does not close all the way, causing a leak
• Mitral stenosis


  • The mitral valve is abnormally narrow, preventing smooth or quick blood flow
• Angina pectoris


  Pain in the chest that occurs if the heart is not receiving enough blood
• Arrhythmia and Dysrhythmia


  Refer to abnormal heart rates and rhythms
• Cardiac ischemia


  The heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen to function properly
• High cholesterol


  • Caused by sedentary lifestyle and unhealthful diet
  • Can also be genetically at risk
• Heart failure


  The heart is not pumping blood around the body as efficiently as it should
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)


  The force or pressure of the blood flowing through the vessels is consistently high
• Stroke


  Happens when a vessel leading to the brain becomes blocked by a blood clot or bursts
• Peripheral artery disease (PAD)


  Narrowing of the arteries that lead to the legs, stomach, arms, and head, reducing blood flow and damaging tissue and cells
• Venous thromboembolism (VTE)


  A blood clot that gets stuck in a vein, blocking the flow of blood
• Aortic aneurysms


  • Affect the main artery in the body, which has weakened
• Allergic reactions (hypersensitivity reactions)


  • Sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, runny nose, itchy skin, rash
  • Anaphylactic reactions are life-threatening
• Triggers for allergic reactions

  • Taking a drug
  • Eating certain foods
  • Breathing in dust
  • Insect bites
  • Touching certain substances