basketball

• Basketball was invented during the school year of 1891-92 at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts.
• Dr. James A. Naismith conceived the idea of attaching peach baskets at opposite ends of the gym on the track that encircled the playing floor.
• This is where the height of 10 feet for the basket was arrived at. Basketball derives its name from the original ball and basket used in the first games.
• The game was introduced in YMCA’s across America and also to foreign countries. Basketball became part of the Olympic Games in 1936.
• Basketball is played by two teams of five players each
• The object of the game is to score more points than your opponent. The ball is passed, thrown, bounced, batted, or rolled from one player to another
• A player in possession of the ball must maintain contact with the floor with one foot (pivot foot), unless the player is shooting, passing, or dribbling.
• Physical contact with an opponent can result in a foul if the contact impedes the desired movement of the player
• Players: Five players per team on the floor at a time with unlimited substitutions. Usually players fill the standard positions of 2 forwards, 2 guards, and 1 center. The names of these may be changed depending on the offense played.
• Offense: Team or individual patterns of play that are used to get the ball into scoring position. There are two basic types of offensive attacks: the slow deliberate attack and the fast break attacks.
• . Defense: Players may choose to play either a man-to-man defense (person to person) or zone. In man to man each player is assigned a specific person to guard/play defense on. In a zone defense, players are assigned a specified area to guard.

  The object of defense is to try to take the ball away from your person or the person in your assigned zone area to force them to turn over the ball or force them to take a low percentage shot.
• Scoring: Field Goals = 2 or 3 points. Free Throws = 1 point.
• Timeouts: Timeouts are one minute or 30 seconds in length and can be requested during a dead ball or anytime by the team in possession of the ball. Each team gets a total of five timeouts for the entire game.
• Timing:

  -High school varsity games play 10-minute quarters.

  -Time stops each time an official blows the whistle indicating a dead ball.

  -There is one minute between quarters and 10 minutes at the half.

  -A player has 5 seconds to shoot a free throw.

  -A player has 5 seconds to inbound the ball.
• . The game is started with a jump ball in the center circle between two opponents.
• A player is out of bounds when touching the floor on or outside the boundary line.
• The ball is out of bounds when it touches a player who is out of bounds or any other person, the floor, or any object on or outside a boundary, or the supports of the backboard.
• If the ball is caused to go out of bounds by the last player touching it, it is awarded out of bounds for a throw-in by the opposing team.
• While the ball is alive, an offensive player cannot remain for more than 3 seconds in that part of the free-throw line between the end line, the free-throw line, and the free-throw lane lines.
• If an offensive ball handler, while in the front court, is closely guarded by the defense for 5 seconds, a violation is called, and the defense is awarded the ball.
• If two opponents are both firmly holding the ball, a “jump ball” is called. A “jump ball” results in an alternating possession which is kept track of at the official table
• In physical education, intramurals, or pickup games, a “jump ball” is awarded to the defender
• Violations include: causing the ball to go out of bounds, double dribbling, running with the ball, kicking the ball, striking the ball with the fist, interfering with the basketball, illegal throw-in (taking more than 5 seconds or stepping on the line), being closely guarded for 5 seconds while in possession of the ball in the front court, and the three second lane rule.
• fter one team makes a field goal or free throw, the other team puts the ball in play from out of bounds under the basket at which the goal was made.

  Each team possessing the ball is required to advance it past the half-court line within 10 seconds after gaining possession
• Fouls:

  Personal: involving pushing, charging, tripping, holding, body contact

  • After the fifth personal foul on a player, the player is disqualified from the game.
  • The offended player is awarded:
  • ▪ one free throw if the foul occurred during a field goal attempt and the basket was made.
  • ▪ two free throws if the foul occurred during a field goal attempt and the basket was missed. ▪ no free throw, but the ball is awarded to the offended player’s team out of bounds.
• After the seventh TEAM personal foul in the half, the person fouled will be given a bonus free throw.

  ▪ If you make the first bonus free throw you receive a second free throw.

  ▪ If you miss the first bonus free throw, the ball should be played like a missed field goal.
• ▪ After the tenth TEAM personal foul in the half, the person fouled will be given two free throws commonly referred to as the Super Bonus
• ▪ Intentional: foul involving “intent” to foul as opposed to trying to play the ball which awards the person fouled two free throws and team possession of the ball after the free throws
• ▪ Technical: involving delay of game, unsportsmanlike conduct, illegal entry, and excessive timeouts with the offended team being awarded two free throws and the ball out of bounds
• the end line.

  baseline
• a term used to designate a player’s position under the backboard that prevents an opposing player from achieving a good rebounding position.

  Boxing out
• In a carry, your hand makes contact with the bottom of the ball, then flips the ball over in the act of dribbling.

  Carrying
• personal contact against the body of an opponent by a player with the ball.

  Charging
• personal contact against the body of an opponent by a player with the ball

  Charging
• a quick offensive move by a player trying to get free for a pass.

  Cut
• aggressive individual defense where the defensive player works hard to keep the offensive player from receiving a pass.

  Denial Defense
• when one person dribbles, stops and picks up the ball and starts to dribble again or dribble with two hands simultaneously.

  Double Dribble
• the process of bringing the ball down the floor or moving the ball from place to place using the finger pads to tap the ball.

  dribble
• – an aggressive move toward the basket by a player with the ball.

  Drive
• – using a deceptive move with the ball to pull the defensive player out of position.

  Fake (Feint)