eapp q4

• concept paper is written with the primary purpose of identifying and explaining an idea or a concept or to provide an overview of a project by summarizing
• visuals - graphic material that supports the prose
• visuals - charts

  • uses lines, boxes, and arrows
  • shows ranks, levels, classifications, orders
• most common charts

  1. organizational
  2. flow
• visuals - tables

  • systematic arrangement of data
  • usually in rows and columns
• visuals - graphs

  • focused on the data in question and how they trend
  • used in analyses and situations that call for raw and exact
• visuals - diagrams

  • shows arrangements and relations
  • explains rather than represents
• visuals - visual images

  • add and support information
  • pictures/photographs
• visuals - maps

  • addition to reports when presenting data about places/areas
• arguments - reasons or the reasoning given for or against a matter under discussion
• manifesto - a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer
• major category of manifesto - goal

  • shared with other people
  • public declaration
  • about what one intends to have happened
• major category of manifesto - list and rules

  • set of rules for behaving
  • list of items to be achieved/tasks to be fulfilled
• major category of manifesto - world

  • aims to create a new one
  • presents a vision for future
  • done by authority/authorized group
• logical fallacies - errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument
• logical fallacy

  • false dilemma - arguer presents their argument as one of only two options despite the presence of multiple possibilities
• logical fallacy

  • appeal to ignorance - something is instantly concluded to be true just because it is not proven to be false, and vice versa
• logical fallacy

  • slippery slope - "chain reaction" series of increasingly superficial/unacceptable consequences is drawn
• logical fallacy

  • complex question - two or more points are rolled into one and the reader is expected to accept/reject both at the same time, when one point may be satisfactory while the other is not
• logical fallacy

  • appeal to force - a threat, instead of a reasoning is used to argue
• logical fallacy

  • appeal to pity - element of pity is used instead to logical reasoning
• logical fallacy

  • appeal to consequences - unpleasant consequences of believing something are pointed out to show that the belief is false
• logical fallacy

  • bandwagon - argument is considered to be valid because it is what the majority thinks
• logical fallacy

  • attacking the person - someone tries to refute an argument by attacking the character of a person instead of attacking the ideas of the argument
• logical fallacy

  • appeal to authority - argument quoted an expert who's not qualified in the particular subject matter
• logical fallacy

  • anonymous authority - authority in question is not mentioned/named
• logical fallacy

  • hasty generalization - sample is not significant enough to support a generalization about a population
• logical fallacy

  • false analogy - writer assumes that two concepts that are similar in some ways also similar in other ways
• logical fallacy

  • accident - general rule is applied to a situation, even when it should be an exception
• logical fallacy

  • post hoc - an informal fallacy “since event A followed event B, event A must have been caused by event B"
• logical fallacy

  • wrong direction - direction between cause and effect is reversed
• logical fallacy

  • complex cause - explanation for an event is reduced to one thing when there are other factors which also contributed to the event
• logical fallacy

  • irrelevant conclusion - argument which is supposed to prove something concludes something else instead
• logical fallacy

  • straw man - position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute
• logical fallacy

  • affirming the consequent - "If A is true then B is true; If B is true therefore A is true"
• logical fallacy

  • denying the antecedent - "If A is true then B is true; If A is not true then B is not true"
• logical fallacy

  • inconsistency - arguments contradict one another