STAS

• PHILOSOPHY - is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning existence, knowledge, values, mind and language
• TYPES OF VIEWS ON TECHNOLOGY

  1. TECHNOLOGICAL PESSIMISM- solely views negative effects
  2. TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIMISM- solely views positive effects
• MARTIN HEIDEGGER (1889-1976) - a German philosopher whose works focus on existentialism and phenomenology.
• "THE QUESTION CONCERNING TECHNOLOGY" - was began by Heidegger
• TECHNOLOGY AS A REVEALING WAY

  1. Technology as means to an end
  2. Technology as a human activity
• TYPES OF CAUSA

  1. Causa Materialis / Material Cause
  2. Causa Formalis / Formal Cause
  3. Causa Finalis / Final Cause
  4. Causa Efficiens / Efficient Cause
• Causa Materialis - Silver
• Causa Formalis - Form or Shape
• Causa Finalis - the purpose
• Causa Efficiens - Agent: Silversmith
• Calculative thinking - one puts a system to nature so it can be understood better and controlled
• Meditative thinking - One lets nature to reveal itself to him/her without forcing it
• Human flourishing

  • has changed the human landscape. Man tends to show unlimited contentment-eager to seek better replacement for anything that performs the function of man.
  • Robots, machines, and other technologies are intended to enhance human condition, or in the future, replace the human functions in society.
• Human being

  • Biologists describe human beings as having the attributes of living organisms including plants and animals
  • This designated that human being is a complex matter, capable of performing life-sustaining processes
• Human being - the highest form of these living organisms, are said to have characteristics which cannot be substantiated through mere science
• SMITH (2012) - "we cannot turn to science for answers, since science identified human beings with varied opinions and limited evidence. "
• BLAKEMORE & GREENFIELD (1987;BERNALEZ 2001) - Recognized that the possession of intellect distinguishes a human being from another creature. (WHO AM I?)
• Human being according to HEIDEGGER

  • It was originally the fundamental question of philosophy (pursued by the ancient greek philosophers but later on neglected, if not forgotten, In western philosophy).
  • Asking for the meaning of "being" doesn't suggest that the "inquirer" has no idea about it because in the first place, the meaning of it is associated with the concept of existence.
• Dasein

  • Means "being there" which focuses on the mode of existence or the "who" of it
• Modes of existence is fundamentally established by two things:

  • Dasein exists in a world.
  • Dasein Has a self that it defines as it exists in such world.
• UNDERSTANDING HUMAN FLOURISHING

  • Human being is endowed with innate abilities and characteristics that let him sustain his function and to survive in the given environment.
• ARISTOTLE

  • His teachings suggest that each man's life has a purpose and that the function of one's life is to attain that purpose.
  • Believed that human beings have a natural desire and capacity to know and understand the truth, to pursue moral excellence, and to instantiate their ideals in the world through action.
  • Furthermore, these actions are geared towards one's proper and desired end- flourishing, happiness or eudaimonia
• Happiness (earthly) - Aristotle stated that this is the highest virtues within oneself.
• Eudaimonia (Eudemonism)

  • In Greek word, which refers to the state of having a good indwelling spirit of being in a contented state of being healthy, happy, and prosperous.
  • In moral philosophy, it is used to refer to the right actions as those that result in the well being of an individual.
• EPICURUS

  • Born 341 B.C.
  • Was a Greek philosopher who contradicted the metaphysical philosophers.
  • Believed that balance and temperature created space for happiness.
  • His view is not more of how happiness can be defined but more on theory about the real source to experience it.
• FRIEDRICH NIETZCHE (1844-1900)

  • A German philosopher and cultural critic who published intensively in the 1870's and 1880's.
  • Known for his criticisms on psychological analyses that resulted in opposing ideas on the people's received ideas.
• Ideal state of laziness - Nietzsche viewed happiness this way.
• Laziness - Nietzsche described this as to not have any worries or distress in life