ADV BIO | germ/cell theory

• Germ Theory of Disease


  The theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, organisms too small to be seen except through a microscope
• Cell Theory


  says that ALL living organisms are made up of cells
• Ignaz Philipp Semmelweiss


  • A Hungarian doctor who was trying to prevent young women from dying from childbed fever in Austria
  • He felt that hand washing reduces the risk of infectious diseases
• Louis Pasteur

  • Also saved the silk industry in France by recommending that a microbe (silkworm) be destroyee
• John Snow, was one of the first to publish an epidemiological study describing the transmission of cholera via the fecal-oral route
• History of Germ Theory

  1. Early Theories of Disease

  2. Spontaneous Generation

  3. Miasma Theory

  4. Germ Theory of Disease
• Robert Koch


  • established the basic scientific requirements used to demonstrate that each specific disease is caused by a specific microorganism
  • These requirements were based on experiments with anthrax isolated from diseased hosts, and are known as "Koch's Postulates"
• Koch's Postulates


  • The microorganism must be identified in all individuals affected by the disease, but not in healthy individuals
  • The microorganism can be isolated from the diseased individual and grown in culture
  • When introduced into a healthy individual, the cultured microorganism should cause disease
  • The microorganism must then be reisolated from the experimental host, and found to be identical to the original microorganism
• Germ Theory


  Certain diseases caused by microorganisms invading the body
• Robert Hooke


  Made observations with a microscope, described 'cells
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek


  First to observe and record microbes with a microscope
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden


  Suggested all plants are made of cells
• Theodor Schwann


  Suggested animals are made of cells
• Rudolf Carl Virchow


  Proposed 'all cells arise from cells' and applied to disease
• Cell Theory


  States all living organisms are made up of cells
• Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold


  Suggested microbes are made of cells
• Ignaz Philipp Semmelweiss


  Linked hand washing to reduced infectious diseases
• Louis Pasteur


  Linked microbes to spoilage, pasteurization, and infectious diseases
• Florence Nightingale


  Recognized importance of cleanliness in nursing
• Joseph Lister


  Used antiseptic to reduce surgical infections
• John Snow


  Linked cholera transmission to contaminated water
• Refuted idea of disease caused by spontaneous generation

  Spontaneous Generation
• Belief that disease originated from foul-smelling air

  Miasma Theory
• Established scientific basis for specific disease-causing microorganisms

  Robert Koch
• Criteria to demonstrate a microorganism causes a specific disease

  Koch's Postulates
• animalcules


  Leeuwenhoek discovered "__________" by a drop of water
• Rudolf Carl Virchow


  whose theory is "cells reproduce to make new cells"?
• Louis Pasteur


  Pasteurization is introduced by
• seeds


  Early Theories of Disease in Ancient Greece believed in disease transmission through infectious '_______'.
• food, air


  Explain: Early Theories of Disease in Ancient Greece believed in disease transmission through infectious 'seeds'.

  
  

  "Disease spread through __________, __________ not directly"
• pollution/bad air


  miasma theory means
• Francisco Redi


  spontaneous generation theory was refuted by
• • He suggested that microbes (germs) could cause infectious diseases and were easily spread by people (the basis of the germ theory of disease)

  Louis Pasteur