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Henry VIII
government
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Thomas Cromwell
tudors > Henry VIII > government
18 cards
Thomas Wolsey
tudors > Henry VIII > government
19 cards
Cards (66)
structure:
1509-1514: conciliar gov.
1514-1529: wolsey
1529-1532: conciliar gov.
1532-1540: cromwell
1540-1547: conciliar gov
council
advised
senior councillors against war with France
reliant on them
privy chamber
closest quarters
personal monarchy
'minions' - young courtiers became more powerful than councillors
parliament
helped pass laws and grant
extraordinary
revenue
called
9times
grew in importance -
reformation
laws
1530s
chancery
main court of
equity
in the kingdom; administer
justice
oversaw the legal system
upheld 'fair' justice
Wolsey developed court of star chamber
became too popular - clogged with too many cases
chief ministers?
Wolsey
1514-1529
Cromwell
1532-1540
Moore, conciliar gov
1529-32
why did the first council come to an end?
1509-1514
didn't agree with
H8
foreign policy =
disenchanted
impressed by walleyes
admistrative
skills
more attuned to
governing
reasons for break with Rome:
succession
religion
power
love
succession
Catherine had several
miscarriages
- little chance for
heir
considered
legitimising bastard son
but advised otherwise
Boleyn
had fallen pregnant
1532
, CofAs last pregnancy
1518
enquires by the French about legitimacy of Mary
religion:
marriage was in contravention of Leviticus = punishment
church was weakening
challenge to the legal supremacy
much critiscm of the church; humanist and anti-clericalist
cambridge theologians used historical documents to justify divorce
head of church = legislative force to royal supremacy - influnece
final council
1540-47
conciliar
gov restored
privy
council with fixed membership, supported by a secretary who kept a formal record of proceedings
gov more professional after
cromwell
individuals:
conservatives
,
Norfolk
, Stephen gardiner,
Thomas wriothesley
problems with marital issues helped shift
balance
of
power
as at this time they dominated England
marriage to Catherine howard:
set up by Norfolk, eager to benefit politically between his family and the king
H8 found she was sexually experienced - adultery with distant cousin Thomas
Culpepper
executed as where Catherine and Jane
Boleyn
(lady of bed chamber)
relatives implicated and
disgraced
Norfolk wounded politically
henrys death
whoever was most influential at the end would be in a position to
dominate
under his successor
norfolk vs
Edward
Seymour (janes brother, Edward VIs uncle)
council dominated by
faction
, many political rivalries
conciliar gov.
1509-1514
- successes
relied on
parliament
council had
majority
control
Richard
fox and earl of
Oxford
helped establish
H8
reign
conciliar gov.
1509-1514
- failures
didn't agree with
H8
foreign policy
disenchanted
only summoned in
1510
and
1512
conciliar gov.
1509-1514
- reasons for end
impressed with
Wolseys
administrative skills
Thomas Wolsey 1514-1529
- successes
effectively administered law and order
gained king extraordinary revenue
1527convened a 'fake court'
ran gov. efficiently
court of star chamber
national committee
enclosure and profiteering
Thomas Wolsey 1514-1529
- failures
poor relationship with parliament
amicable grant caused resistance 1525
couldn't control
privy
chamber
failed to solve great matter
unpopular with
nobles
Thomas Wolsey
1514-1529 - reasons for end
didn't resolve kings great matter
conciliar gov (Thomas Moore)
1529-1532
- successes
Moore was obliged to ask the kings forgiveness for the boisterousness
beginning of reformation of parliament
1529-1536
bigger influence on humanist beliefs
conciliar gov (
Thomas Moore
)
1529-1532
- failures
pariament
- gambling about Wolseys financial demands
subsidy
needed to finance renewal of war against france
didn't resolve the kings
great
matter
Moore defended the right to express
critical
opinions
conciliar gov (Thomas Moore)
1529-1532
- reasons for end
emergence of Thomas
Cromwell
and his promise of annulment
Thomas Cromwell
1532-1540
- successes
caused break with Rome and royal supremacy act - marriage to
Anne Boleyn
'reformed parliament'
= increased influence
made crown financially
independent
from parliament
modernised and restored
exchequer
Thomas Cromwell
1532-1540
- failures
religious changes caused rebellions
league of schmalkalden - marriage to
Anne
of
cleeves
= annulled immediately
returned to previous practices
revolutionary?
foreign
policy
Thomas Cromwell
1532-1540
- reasons for end
failure to manage the kings marital affairs satisfactorily
conciliar gov. 1540-1547 - successes
privy council
= fixed membership, supported by a secretary who kept a formal record of proceedings
passed more religious legislation -
extraordinary revenue
conciliar gov.
1540-1547
- failures
council didn't want to inaugurate the reign with bloodshed
question of the
kings
control and
power
?
political rivalries
Norfolk overlooked Catherine Howards previous relations - adultry
conciliar gov. 1540-1547 - reasons for end
Henry VIII
died
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