government

Subdecks (2)

Cards (66)

  • structure:
    1509-1514: conciliar gov.
    1514-1529: wolsey
    1529-1532: conciliar gov.
    1532-1540: cromwell
    1540-1547: conciliar gov
  • council
    • advised
    • senior councillors against war with France
    • reliant on them
  • privy chamber
    • closest quarters
    • personal monarchy
    • 'minions' - young courtiers became more powerful than councillors
  • parliament
    • helped pass laws and grant extraordinary revenue
    • called 9times
    • grew in importance - reformation laws 1530s
  • chancery
    • main court of equity in the kingdom; administer justice
    • oversaw the legal system
    • upheld 'fair' justice
    • Wolsey developed court of star chamber
    • became too popular - clogged with too many cases
  • chief ministers?
    • Wolsey 1514-1529
    • Cromwell 1532-1540
    • Moore, conciliar gov 1529-32
  • why did the first council come to an end? 1509-1514
    • didn't agree with H8 foreign policy = disenchanted
    • impressed by walleyes admistrative skills
    • more attuned to governing
  • reasons for break with Rome:
    • succession
    • religion
    • power
    • love
  • succession
    • Catherine had several miscarriages - little chance for heir
    • considered legitimising bastard son but advised otherwise
    • Boleyn had fallen pregnant 1532, CofAs last pregnancy 1518
    • enquires by the French about legitimacy of Mary
  • religion:
    • marriage was in contravention of Leviticus = punishment
    • church was weakening
    • challenge to the legal supremacy
    • much critiscm of the church; humanist and anti-clericalist
    • cambridge theologians used historical documents to justify divorce
    • head of church = legislative force to royal supremacy - influnece
  • final council 1540-47
    • conciliar gov restored
    • privy council with fixed membership, supported by a secretary who kept a formal record of proceedings
    • gov more professional after cromwell
  • individuals:
    • conservatives, Norfolk, Stephen gardiner, Thomas wriothesley
    • problems with marital issues helped shift balance of power as at this time they dominated England
  • marriage to Catherine howard:
    • set up by Norfolk, eager to benefit politically between his family and the king
    • H8 found she was sexually experienced - adultery with distant cousin Thomas Culpepper
    • executed as where Catherine and Jane Boleyn (lady of bed chamber)
    • relatives implicated and disgraced
    • Norfolk wounded politically
  • henrys death
    • whoever was most influential at the end would be in a position to dominate under his successor
    • norfolk vs Edward Seymour (janes brother, Edward VIs uncle)
    • council dominated by faction, many political rivalries
  • conciliar gov. 1509-1514 - successes

    relied on parliament
    council had majority control
    Richard fox and earl of Oxford helped establish H8 reign
  • conciliar gov. 1509-1514 - failures

    didn't agree with H8 foreign policy
    disenchanted
    only summoned in 1510 and 1512
  • conciliar gov. 1509-1514 - reasons for end

    impressed with Wolseys administrative skills
  • Thomas Wolsey 1514-1529 - successes

    effectively administered law and order
    gained king extraordinary revenue
    1527convened a 'fake court'
    ran gov. efficiently
    • court of star chamber
    • national committee
    • enclosure and profiteering
  • Thomas Wolsey 1514-1529 - failures

    poor relationship with parliament
    amicable grant caused resistance 1525
    couldn't control privy chamber
    failed to solve great matter
    unpopular with nobles
  • Thomas Wolsey 1514-1529 - reasons for end

    didn't resolve kings great matter
  • conciliar gov (Thomas Moore) 1529-1532 - successes

    Moore was obliged to ask the kings forgiveness for the boisterousness
    beginning of reformation of parliament 1529-1536
    bigger influence on humanist beliefs
  • conciliar gov (Thomas Moore) 1529-1532 - failures

    pariament - gambling about Wolseys financial demands
    subsidy needed to finance renewal of war against france
    didn't resolve the kings great matter
    Moore defended the right to express critical opinions
  • conciliar gov (Thomas Moore)1529-1532 - reasons for end

    emergence of Thomas Cromwell and his promise of annulment
  • Thomas Cromwell 1532-1540 - successes

    caused break with Rome and royal supremacy act - marriage to Anne Boleyn
    'reformed parliament' = increased influence
    made crown financially independent from parliament
    modernised and restored exchequer
  • Thomas Cromwell 1532-1540 - failures

    religious changes caused rebellions
    league of schmalkalden - marriage to Anne of cleeves = annulled immediately
    returned to previous practices
    revolutionary?
    foreign policy
  • Thomas Cromwell 1532-1540 - reasons for end

    failure to manage the kings marital affairs satisfactorily
  • conciliar gov. 1540-1547 - successes
    privy council = fixed membership, supported by a secretary who kept a formal record of proceedings
    passed more religious legislation - extraordinary revenue
  • conciliar gov. 1540-1547 - failures

    council didn't want to inaugurate the reign with bloodshed
    question of the kings control and power?
    political rivalries
    Norfolk overlooked Catherine Howards previous relations - adultry
  • conciliar gov. 1540-1547 - reasons for end
    Henry VIII died