MICPAR BACTERIA.... TEST 1

• Bacteria- are metabolically active unicellular organisms that have cell walls and lack organelles
• spheres measurements- ranges about 0.2 um in diameter to 10.0 um
• average coccus- 1 um in diameter
• average bacillus - ranges about 1 um in wide to -3 um long
• size of bacteria- 0.2 to 5 micrometers
• mycoplasma- the smallest microbes and comparable in size to poxyviruses [largest viruses] can survive without a host
• 7 um- longest bacterium rods and similar to yeasts and human red blood cells
• binary fission- one cells splits in half to become two daughter cells.
• organisms generation time- the time it takes for one bacterial cell to split into two cells.
• : spherical [cocci] ,rod-shaped [bacilli] , and spiral shaped [spirilla/spirilli]- bacteria come in three basic shapes
• variety of morphologic arrangements- following binary fission,the daughter cells can either copletely separated or remain connected.
• appendaged bacteria- bacteria that produce a distinct structure such as pillus or fimbriae.
• pleomorphic bacteria- bacterias that do not have a defined form
• pleo - many
• morphic- shape
• filamentous bacteria- filament shaped bacteria that are long, thin.
• mycelium- resembling strands of hair or spaghetti called.
• club-shaped bacteria- these bacteria are thinner on one side than the other.
• boxshaped or rectangular bacteria- nonpathogenic
• triangular bacteria- lives on saline
• stalked bacteria- possess a stalk
• star shaped bacteria- found on fresh water, soil, and sewage.
• glycocalyx- thickn layer of material outside the cell wall
• capsule- an outer, viscousm and gelatinous.
• slime layer- part of the glycocalyx that is a loosely attached and unorganized
• cell wall- the outermost component of all bacteria
• murein sacculus- other name for cell wall
• peptidoglycan- also known as murein
• murein- represents a type of bacterial exoskeleton known as murein sacculus
• gram positive cell- thick/multilayered
• teichoic acid- for attachment and antigenic
• polysaccharides- carbohydrates consisting of many sugar units.
• gram negative call- thin/monolayered
• outer membrane- gram negative cell wall has presence of a plasma membrane
• lipoprotein- responsible for endotoxin production
• periplasmic space- the space between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram negative cell wall
• membrane- located beneath the cell wall
• pili or fimbriae- an appendage on a bacterial cell used for attachment
• pilus- for conjugation and gliding motility
• flagellum- whip like structure