science 10 q4 biomolecules summa

• BIOMOLECULE - a chemical found in living organisms
• POLYPEPTIDE - A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
• PROTEIN - A biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
• NUCLEOTIDE - A monomer of nucleic acids.
• NUCLEIC ACIDS - A biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
• ENZYME - A catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein
• MACROMOLECULE - A large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers
• DENATURATION - The loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals.
• PURINE - A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings fused together.
• The main classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
• These are macromolecules - large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms.
• There are six (6) most common elements that can be found in biomolecules.

  These are called CHNOPS or CHONSP elements; the letters stand for the chemical abbreviations of the names of these elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
• There are certain complex organic molecules which form the basis of life.

  These substances are part of the chemical composition of all living organisms. - Biomolecules
• The macromolecule, Carbohyrdrate, is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
• The macromolecule, Protein, is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHONS)
• The macromolecule, Lipids, is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHOPS)
• The macromolecule, Nucleic Acid, is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHOPNS)
• Monomers of biomolecules are nucleic acid, carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids
• The elements present in carbohydrates are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• the elements present in proteins are

  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
• the elements present in lipids are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphoru, and sulfur
• The elements present in nucleic acids are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur
• lipids also contain nitrogen,

  but for most cases, this is sufficient
• DNA and RNA are polymers

  of the macromolecule, nucleic acids
• Fats are examples of the macromolecule, lipids
• • Lipids - polymers called diglycerides, triglycerides; monomers are fatty acids
• • Proteins - polymers are known as polypeptides; monomers are amino acids
• • Nucleic Acids - polymers are DNA and RNA; monomers are nucleotides, which are in turn consist of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group
• • Carbohydrates - polymers are polysaccharides and disaccharides;monomers are monosaccharides (simple sugars)