Eng. Q4

• Research is collecting data and

  information, learning, and finding new

  things.
• Concept is a term that abstractly describes

  and names an object, a phenomenon, or

  an idea.
• Theory is an organized body of

  concepts and principles intended

  to explain a particular

  phenomenon
• Quantitative Method

  This is a method that focuses on numbers, and

  objective hard data. It proves hypotheses by

  statistical analysis and scientific methods. It is

  called a formal, objective, systematic process

  in which numerical data is used to obtain

  information about the world.
• Quantitative Method

  This is a method that focuses on numbers, and

  objective hard data. It proves hypotheses by

  statistical analysis and scientific methods. It is

  called a formal, objective, systematic process

  in which numerical data is used to obtain

  information about the world.
• Qualitative Method This kind of research method utilizes

  interviews, archived written information,

  and observations to measure the

  significance of a relationship between

  variables
• Variables are any quality of a person,

  group subject, event, condition or

  situation that varies or takes on

  different values.
• Hypothesis is a logical supposition, a

  reasonable guess, and an educated

  conjecture. It provides a tentative

  explanation of a phenomenon under

  investigation.
• Specific: It

  should maintain its focus on the given subject of

  research
• Measurable: A research paper must contain

  specific, proven research, and cites all

  research sources and related literature.

  Attainable: A research paper must provide a

  thesis statement, one that answers the
• Realistic: Should it be made to

  present interpretations, arguments, or

  evaluations, then it should do so based

  on valid evidence from reliable

  sources.
• Time: A research paper cannot be written

  without the researcher knowing the limits,

  timeframes, and focus of the required work.
• Quantitative

  Research

  ✓Focuses on

  testing theories

  and hypotheses
• Qualitative

  Research

  ✓Focuses on

  exploring ideas

  and formulating

  a theory or

  hypothesis
• Quantitative

  Research

  ✓Is analyzed

  through math

  and statistical

  analysis
• Qualitative

  Research

  ✓Is analyzed by

  summarizing,

  categorizing and

  interpreting
• Quantitative

  Research

  ✓Mainly expressed

  in numbers,

  graphs and

  tables
• Qualitative

  Research

  ✓Mainly expressed

  in words
• Quantitative

  Research

  ✓Requires many

  respondents

  ✓ Closed (multiple

  choice) question
• Qualitative

  Research

  ✓Requires few

  respondents

  ✓ Open-ended

  questions
• Quantitative

  Research

  ✓Key terms are:

  testing,

  measurement,

  objectivity,

  replicability
• Qualitative

  Research

  ✓Key terms are:

  understanding,

  context,

  complexity,

  subjectivity
• Quantitative

  Method

  ✓Statistical Analysis

  ✓Numbers

  ✓Math

  ✓Graphs

  ✓Interpretation
• Qualitative

  Method

  ✓Categorizing

  ✓Themes

  ✓Words

  ✓Codes

  ✓Summarizing
• Title

  ✓ are descriptive information

  that let readers search for an

  article.
• Topic

  ✓ A good research topic is one

  that is limited or focused and

  of interest to the researcher
• Introduction (why)

  ✓ What is the context for this

  project?

  ✓ How does it fit in with other

  research on the topic?

  ✓ What is the research question?
• Introduction (why)

  ✓ It provides background information and

  key terms.

  ✓ It grabs the reader's attention.

  ✓ It presents the main idea, or thesis

  statement.
• Methods (how)

  ✓ What did the author(s) do to

  answer the research

  questions?
• Methodology

  ✓ This section of the research

  focuses only on results that are

  related to the research or

  problem.

  ✓ All the tools used in the research
• Results (what)

  ✓ What was the answer to the

  question?

  ✓ This is often shown in tables

  and figures.
• Discussion/Conclusion (so what)

  ✓ Conclusion should restate your thesis from

  the introduction in different words

  ✓ The most common way to conclude a

  research paper is to restate the main

  idea, restate the principal arguments

  supporting the main idea, supply

  necessary background information
• References

  ✓ Materials the author(s) cited

  when writing this paper.
• References

  ✓ Materials the author(s) cited

  when writing this paper.
• Theoretical Framework

  ✓This is a part of research that consists

  of assumptions, hypothesis,

  definitions, or a synthesis of a set of

  theories serving as the theoretical

  backbone of the investigation.
• Gap of the Problem

  ✓This part of the research

  paper tells the purpose and

  importance of the research.
• Gap of the Problem/Study

  ✓This part of the research paper

  tells the purpose and importance

  of the research.

  ✓ It is a problem that needs to be

  solved through research
• Literature

  ✓It uses a style or format to cue

  authors where it supports the

  background of the study of

  your research.
• TECHNICAL

  ❖ it refers to the definition of a word as used

  in a particular field like Science, Law, or

  Engineering.

  ❖ The meaning of the word is associated

  with the field or area of study.

  ❖ mostly refers to the aspect of explaining

  or describing any terminology.

  ❖ the definition of terms/words are found in

  the dictionary.
• TECHNICAL - The universal meaning of the term