Modern Medicine

• Ideas about miasma were no longer believed
• The Human Genome Project 1990

  Identified the complete set of DNA that make up human beings
• The First Organ Transplant took place

  in 1956 - lung
• James Watson and Francis Crick


  discovered DNA is shaped as a double helix
• Rosaline Franklin and Maurice Wilkins 


  Produced close up images of DNA using x-rays
• Alexander Fleming


  Discovered penicillin in 1928
• Florey and Chain 


  produced penicillin on an industrial scale
• Landsteiner


  identified the first blood groups in 1990
• In 2007


  Smoking was made illegal in workplaces
• The NHS

  funded in 1848
• One feature of the NHS

  provides medical care that is free at point of delivery
• The NHS increased life expectancy 


  which led to a larger population therefore a longer waiting time and increase in taxes
• Magic bullets


  chemical cures which attached disease
• Paul Ehrlich

  Developed the first magic bullet in 1909
• First magic bullet


  salvarsan 606
• Domagk

  discovered prontosil cured blood poising in 1932
• MRI scans

  1970
• Blood tests

  1930
• CT scans

  1970
• x-rays 


  1890
• British medical research council published a study that showed the rise in rates of lung cancer linked to raise of smokers

  1950
• 2005

  cigarette advertising is band
• 2015

  smoking is banned in cars carrying children
• Treatments to lung cancer

  lung transplant, radiotherapy, chemotherapy
• Diagnosis of lung cancer

  bronchoscope - to sample cells for testing

  CT scans - detailed images of the body

  patients injected with dye to show lungs on scan
• Clean air acts 


  1956 and 1968
• Government life-style campaigns
• Key hole surgery


  Tiny cameras and surgical instruments to perform an operation with a tiny cut
• Key hole surgery 


  Endoscopes
• Crick and Watson published their findings in

  1953
• The clean air acts

  1956 and 1968